<br>Translated by CKER <br><br>第一种方法使用Microsoft的Netbios API。 这是一套通过Winsock提供底层网络支持的命令。使用Netbios的最大缺点是您必须在系统中安装了Netbios服务(如果您在windows网络中启用了文件共享的话,这就不是问题了)。除此此外,这种方法又快又准确。<br><br>Netbios API只包括了一个函数,就叫做Netbios。这个函数使用网络控制块(network control block)结构作为参数,这个结构告诉函数要做什么。结构的定义如下:<br> typedef struct _NCB {<br> UCHAR ncb_command;<br> UCHAR ncb_retcode;<br> UCHAR ncb_lsn;<br> UCHAR ncb_num;<br> PUCHAR ncb_buffer;<br> WORD ncb_length;<br> UCHAR ncb_callname[NCBNAMSZ];<br> UCHAR ncb_name[NCBNAMSZ];<br> UCHAR ncb_rto;<br> UCHAR ncb_sto;<br> void (CALLBACK *ncb_post) (struct _NCB *);<br> UCHAR ncb_lana_num;<br> UCHAR ncb_cmd_cplt;<br> #ifdef _WIN64<br> UCHAR ncb_reserve[18];<br> #else<br> UCHAR ncb_reserve[10];<br> #endif<br> HANDLE ncb_event;<br>} NCB, *PNCB;<br><br> <br><br>重点在于ncb_command 成员。这个成员告诉Netbios该作什么。我们使用三个命令来探测MAC地址。他们在MSDN的定义如下:<br>命令描述:<br>NCBENUM Windows NT/2000: 列举系统中网卡的数量。使用此命令后,ncb_buffer成员指向由LANA_ENUM结构填充的缓冲区。<br>NCBENUM 不是标准的 NetBIOS 3.0 命令。<br><br>NCBRESET 重置网卡。网卡在接受新的NCB命令之前必须重置。<br>NCBASTAT 接受本地或远程接口卡的状态。使用此命令后,ncb_buffer成员指向由ADAPTER_STATUS结构填充的缓冲区,随后是NAME_BUFFER结构的数组。<br><br>下面就是取得您系统MAC地址的步骤:<br>1》列举所有的接口卡。<br>2》重置每块卡以取得它的正确信息。<br>3》查询接口卡,取得MAC地址并生成标准的冒号分隔格式。<br><br>下面就是实例源程序。<br>netbios.cpp<br><br>#include <windows.h><br>#include <stdlib.h><br>#include <stdio.h><br>#include <iostream><br>#include <string><br><br>using namespace std;<br>#define bzero(thing,sz) memset(thing,0,sz)<br><br>bool GetAdapterInfo(int adapter_num, string &mac_addr)<br>{<br> // 重置网卡,以便我们可以查询<br> NCB Ncb;<br> memset(&Ncb, 0, sizeof(Ncb));<br> Ncb.ncb_command = NCBRESET;<br> Ncb.ncb_lana_num = adapter_num;<br> if (Netbios(&Ncb) != NRC_GOODRET) {<br> mac_addr = "bad (NCBRESET): ";<br> mac_addr += string(Ncb.ncb_retcode);<br> return false;<br> }<br><br> // 准备取得接口卡的状态块<br> bzero(&Ncb,sizeof(Ncb);<br> Ncb.ncb_command = NCBASTAT;<br> Ncb.ncb_lana_num = adapter_num;<br> strcpy((char *) Ncb.ncb_callname, "*");<br> struct ASTAT<br> {<br> ADAPTER_STATUS adapt;<br> NAME_BUFFER NameBuff[30];<br> } Adapter;<br> bzero(&Adapter,sizeof(Adapter));<br> Ncb.ncb_buffer = (unsigned char *)&Adapter;<br> Ncb.ncb_length = sizeof(Adapter);<br><br> // 取得网卡的信息,并且如果网卡正常工作的话,返回标准的冒号分隔格式。<br> if (Netbios(&Ncb) == 0)<br> {<br> char acMAC[18];<br> sprintf(acMAC, "%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X",<br> int (Adapter.adapt.adapter_address[0]),<br> int (Adapter.adapt.adapter_address[1]),<br> int (Adapter.adapt.adapter_address[2]),<br> int (Adapter.adapt.adapter_address[3]),<br> int (Adapter.adapt.adapter_address[4]),<br> int (Adapter.adapt.adapter_address[5]));<br> mac_addr = acMAC;<br> return true;<br> }<br> else<br> {<br> mac_addr = "bad (NCBASTAT): ";<br> mac_addr += string(Ncb.ncb_retcode);<br> return false;<br> }<br>}<br><br>int main()<br>{<br> // 取得网卡列表<br> LANA_ENUM AdapterList;<br> NCB Ncb;<br> memset(&Ncb, 0, sizeof(NCB));<br> Ncb.ncb_command = NCBENUM;<br> Ncb.ncb_buffer = (unsigned char *)&AdapterList;<br> Ncb.ncb_length = sizeof(AdapterList);<br> Netbios(&Ncb);<br><br> // 取得本地以太网卡的地址<br> string mac_addr;<br> for (int i = 0; i < AdapterList.length - 1; ++i)<br> {<br> if (GetAdapterInfo(AdapterList.lana, mac_addr))<br> {<br> cout << "Adapter " << int (AdapterList.lana) <<<br> "'s MAC is " << mac_addr << endl;<br> }<br> else<br> {<br> cerr << "Failed to get MAC address! Do you" << endl;<br> cerr << "have the NetBIOS protocol installed?" << endl;<br> break;<br> }<br> }<br><br> return 0;<br>}<br><br><br>file://---------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br><br>第二种方法-使用COM GUID API<br>这种方法使用COM API创建一个GUID(全局唯一标识符)并从那里继承MAC地址。GUID通常用来标识COM组件以及系统中的其他对象。它们是由MAC地址(结合其他东西)计算得来的,表面上MAC地址就包含在其中。我说表面上是因为事实上并没有包含。<br>我提供这种方法更多的是为了作为反面教材。您也许用这种方法能够得到MAC地址,但有时候您只会得到随机的十六进制数值。<br>下面的例子十分简单,无需多讲。我们使用CoCreateGuid创建GUID,并将最后六个字节放入字符串中。它们可能是MAC地址,但并不是必然的。<br><br>uuid.cpp<br>#include <windows.h><br>#include <iostream><br>#include <conio.h><br><br>using namespace std;<br><br>int main()<br>{<br> cout << "MAC address is: ";<br><br> // 向COM要求一个UUID。如果机器中有以太网卡,<br> // UUID最后的六个字节(Data4的2-7字节)应该是本地以太网卡的MAC地址。<br> GUID uuid;<br> CoCreateGuid(&uuid);<br> // Spit the address out<br> char mac_addr[18];<br> sprintf(mac_addr,"%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X",<br> uuid.Data4[2],uuid.Data4[3],uuid.Data4[4],<br> uuid.Data4[5],uuid.Data4[6],uuid.Data4[7]);<br> cout << mac_addr << endl;<br> getch();<br> return 0;<br>}<br><br><br>第三种方法- 使用SNMP扩展API<br>我要讨论的第三种方法是使用Windows的SNMP(简单网络管理协议)扩展来取得MAC地址。在我的经验里,这个协议很简单。代码也是直勾勾的向前的。基本步骤和Netbios相同:<br>1》取得网卡列表<br>2》查询每块卡的类型和MAC地址<br>3》保存当前网卡<br>我个人对SNMP了解不多,但如我刚刚所言,代码十分清楚。<br><br>snmp.cpp<br>#include <snmp.h><br>#include <conio.h><br>#include <stdio.h><br><br>typedef bool(WINAPI * pSnmpExtensionInit) (<br> IN DWORD dwTimeZeroReference,<br> OUT HANDLE * hPollForTrapEvent,<br> OUT AsnObjectIdentifier * supportedView);<br><br>typedef bool(WINAPI * pSnmpExtensionTrap) (<br> OUT AsnObjectIdentifier * enterprise,<br> OUT AsnInteger * genericTrap,<br> OUT AsnInteger * specificTrap,<br> OUT AsnTimeticks * timeStamp,<br> OUT RFC1157VarBindList * variableBindings);<br><br>typedef bool(WINAPI * pSnmpExtensionQuery) (<br> IN BYTE requestType,<br> IN OUT RFC1157VarBindList * variableBindings,<br> OUT AsnInteger * errorStatus,<br> OUT AsnInteger * errorIndex);<br><br>typedef bool(WINAPI * pSnmpExtensionInitEx) (<br> OUT AsnObjectIdentifier * supportedView);<br><br>void main()<br>{<br> HINSTANCE m_hInst;<br> pSnmpExtensionInit m_Init;<br> pSnmpExtensionInitEx m_InitEx;<br> pSnmpExtensionQuery m_Query;<br> pSnmpExtensionTrap m_Trap;<br> HANDLE PollForTrapEvent;<br> AsnObjectIdentifier SupportedView;<br> UINT OID_ifEntryType[] = {1, 3, 6, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3};<br> UINT OID_ifEntryNum[] = {1, 3, 6, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1};<br> UINT OID_ipMACEntAddr[] = {1, 3, 6, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 6};<br> AsnObjectIdentifier MIB_ifMACEntAddr =<br> { sizeof(OID_ipMACEntAddr) sizeof(UINT), OID_ipMACEntAddr };<br> AsnObjectIdentifier MIB_ifEntryType =<br> {sizeof(OID_ifEntryType) sizeof(UINT), OID_ifEntryType};<br> AsnObjectIdentifier MIB_ifEntryNum =<br> {sizeof(OID_ifEntryNum) sizeof(UINT), OID_ifEntryNum};<br> RFC1157VarBindList varBindList;<br> RFC1157VarBind varBind[2];<br> AsnInteger errorStatus;<br> AsnInteger errorIndex;<br> AsnObjectIdentifier MIB_NULL = {0, 0};<br> int ret;<br> int dtmp;<br> int i = 0, j = 0;<br> bool found = false;<br> char TempEthernet[13];<br> m_Init = NULL;<br> m_InitEx = NULL;<br> m_Query = NULL;<br> m_Trap = NULL;<br><br> /* 载入SNMP DLL并取得实例句柄 */<br> m_hInst = LoadLibrary("inetmib1.dll");<br> if (m_hInst < (HINSTANCE) HINSTANCE_ERROR)<br> {<br> m_hInst = NULL;<br> return;<br> }<br> m_Init =<br> (pSnmpExtensionInit) GetProcAddress(m_hInst, "SnmpExtensionInit");<br> m_InitEx =<br> (pSnmpExtensionInitEx) GetProcAddress(m_hInst,<br> "SnmpExtensionInitEx");<br> m_Query =<br> (pSnmpExtensionQuery) GetProcAddress(m_hInst,<br> "SnmpExtensionQuery");<br> m_Trap =<br> (pSnmpExtensionTrap) GetProcAddress(m_hInst, "SnmpExtensionTrap");<br> m_Init(GetTickCount(), &PollForTrapEvent, &SupportedView);<br><br> /* 初始化用来接收m_Query查询结果的变量列表 */<br> varBindList.list = varBind;<br> varBind[0].name = MIB_NULL;<br> varBind[1].name = MIB_NULL;<br><br> /* 在OID中拷贝并查找接口表中的入口数量 */<br> varBindList.len = 1; /* Only retrieving one item */<br> SNMP_oidcpy(&varBind[0].name, &MIB_ifEntryNum);<br> ret =<br> m_Query(ASN_RFC1157_GETNEXTREQUEST, &varBindList, &errorStatus,<br> &errorIndex);<br> printf("# of adapters in this system : %in",<br> varBind[0].value.asnValue.number);<br> varBindList.len = 2;<br><br> /* 拷贝OID的ifType-接口类型 */<br> SNMP_oidcpy(&varBind[0].name, &MIB_ifEntryType);<br><br> /* 拷贝OID的ifPhysAddress-物理地址 */<br> SNMP_oidcpy(&varBind[1].name, &MIB_ifMACEntAddr);<br><br> do<br> {<br><br> /* 提交查询,结果将载入 varBindList。<br> 可以预料这个循环调用的次数和系统中的接口卡数量相等 */<br> ret =<br> m_Query(ASN_RFC1157_GETNEXTREQUEST, &varBindList, &errorStatus,<br> &errorIndex);<br> if (!ret)<br> ret = 1;<br> else<br> /* 确认正确的返回类型 */<br> ret =<br> SNMP_oidncmp(&varBind[0].name, &MIB_ifEntryType,<br> MIB_ifEntryType.idLength); if (!ret) {<br> j++;<br> dtmp = varBind[0].value.asnValue.number;<br> printf("Interface #%i type : %in", j, dtmp);<br><br> /* Type 6 describes ethernet interfaces */<br> if (dtmp == 6)<br> {<br><br> /* 确认我们已经在此取得地址 */<br> ret =<br> SNMP_oidncmp(&varBind[1].name, &MIB_ifMACEntAddr,<br> MIB_ifMACEntAddr.idLength);<br> if ((!ret) && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream != NULL))<br> {<br> if((varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[0] == 0x44)<br> && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[1] == 0x45)<br> && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[2] == 0x53)<br> && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[3] == 0x54)<br> && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[4] == 0x00))<br> {<br> /* 忽略所有的拨号网络接口卡 */<br> printf("Interface #%i is a DUN adaptern", j);<br> continue;<br> }<br> if ((varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[0] == 0x00)<br> && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[1] == 0x00)<br> && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[2] == 0x00)<br> && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[3] == 0x00)<br> && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[4] == 0x00)<br> && (varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[5] == 0x00))<br> {<br> /* 忽略由其他的网络接口卡返回的NULL地址 */<br> printf("Interface #%i is a NULL addressn", j);<br> continue;<br> }<br> sprintf(TempEthernet, "%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",<br> varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[0],<br> varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[1],<br> varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[2],<br> varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[3],<br> varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[4],<br> varBind[1].value.asnValue.address.stream[5]);<br> printf("MAC Address of interface #%i: %sn", j,<br> TempEthernet);}<br> }<br> }<br> } while (!ret); /* 发生错误终止。 */<br> getch();<br><br> FreeLibrary(m_hInst);<br> /* 解除绑定 */<br> SNMP_FreeVarBind(&varBind[0]);<br> SNMP_FreeVarBind(&varBind[1]);<br>}<br><br>