一个turbo pascal 命令行分析的单元，你看看吧。
unit getoptlib;
(*
GNU getopt (from GNU textutils 1.12) ported to turbo pascal by H唊on L泇dal
May 1996. Email:halovda@krs.hia.no, snailmail:Kile, 4653 H慻eland, Norway.
[char-set for reading my name and address correct: ibm codepage 865]
Copyright (C) 1987, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copyright (C) 1996
H唊on L泇dal
This unit is covered by the GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE,
which means that you may freely link this code into you programs,
read the file COPYING.LIB for details.
After being annoyed by having to "reinvent the wheel" each time
I was writing a program that used commandline options, I finally decided
to port getopt.
The pascal code is kept as close to the original c as possible.
All string handling is however changed into pascal strings.
(There are a few (insignificant) things that could be changed,
like 'optind' being initialized to 1 twice, but I haven't done it in
order to be consistent with the original c code)
There is some room for improvements, like not using an fixed size array for
the arguments, but instead dynamicly allocating only the space needed.
Expanding wildcards would also be a nice feature. But I don't plan to
implement that or to do any further development. As long as the function
processes the arguments, it serves my needs.
MANUAL (sort of)
DESCRIPTION
For those that aren't familiar with getopt, here is a short explanation:
Using getopt makes your program accept commandline options i several
different ways. The following examples are all equal:
program -a -b -c --longoption value nonoption
program -abc --longoption=value nonoption
program nonoption -c --longoption value -ba
The programming interface is as follows:
Call getopt repeatedly until it returns EOF_getopt. Each time it returns
one option. Getopt is called with a string describing the valid options.
A character followed by a ':' requires an argument (returned in the
variable optarg).
Example: "getopt( argc, argvptr^, 'f:vh')" will have 3 options
'-f' (e.g. file) that requires an argument,
'-v' (e.g. verbose) and
'-h' (e.g. help).
If getopt encounters an unknown option it returns '?', and in case of
a missing argument it returns ':'.
BUGS
The unit does not handle more than maxargs (64) arguments.
The memory allocated for argv is never released.
*)
(*
NOTE: getopt is now part of the C library, so if you don't know what
"Keep this file name-space clean" means, talk to roland@gnu.ai.mit.edu
before changing it!
Copyright (C) 1987, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. *)
(* This version of `getopt' appears to the caller like standard Unix `getopt'
but it behaves differently for the user, since it allows the user
to intersperse the options with the other arguments.
As `getopt' works, it permutes the elements of ARGV so that,
when it is done, all the options precede everything else. Thus
all application programs are extended to handle flexible argument order.
Setting the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT disables permutation.
Then the behavior is completely standard.
GNU application programs can use a third alternative mode in which
they can distinguish the relative order of options and other arguments. *)
interface
(**************************************************************************)
const
maxargs = 64;
type
argvarray = array [0..maxargs] of string;
var
argvptr : ^argvarray;
argc : integer;
const
EOF_getopt = -1;
(* For communication from `getopt' to the caller.
When `getopt' finds an option that takes an argument,
the argument value is returned here.
Also, when `ordering' is RETURN_IN_ORDER,
each non-option ARGV-element is returned here. *)
const
optarg : string = '';
(* Index in ARGV of the next element to be scanned.
This is used for communication to and from the caller
and for communication between successive calls to `getopt'.
On entry to `getopt', zero means this is the first call; initialize.
When `getopt' returns EOF_getopt, this is the index of the first of the
non-option elements that the caller should itself scan.
Otherwise, `optind' communicates from one call to the next
how much of ARGV has been scanned so far. *)
(* XXX 1003.2 says this must be 1 before any call. *)
optind : integer = 0;
(* Callers store false here to inhibit the error message `getopt' prints
for unrecognized options. *)
opterr : boolean = true;
(* Set to an option character which was unrecognized. *)
optopt : char = '?';
(* Describe the long-named options requested by the application.
The LONG_OPTIONS argument to getopt_long or getopt_long_only is a array
of option records terminated by an element containing a name which is
a empty string.
The field `has_arg' is:
no_argument if the option does not take an argument,
required_argument if the option requires an argument,
optional_argument if the option takes an optional argument.
If the field `flag' is not NIL, it points to a variable that is set
to the value given in the field `val' when the option is found, but
left unchanged if the option is not found.
To have a long-named option do something other than set an `int' to
a compiled-in constant, such as set a value from `optarg', set the
option's `flag' field to nil and its `val' field to a nonzero
value (the equivalent single-letter option character, if there is
one). For long options that have a nil `flag' field, `getopt'
returns the contents of the `val' field. *)
type
has_arg_type = ( no_argument, required_argument, optional_argument );
option = record
name : string;
has_arg : has_arg_type;
flag : ^integer;
val : integer;
end;
function getopt( argc : integer;
var argv : array of string;
optstring : string ) : integer;
function getopt_long( argc : integer;
var argv : array of string;
options : string;
long_options : array of option;
var opt_index : integer ) : integer;
function getopt_long_only( argc : integer;
var argv : array of string;
options : string;
long_options : array of option;
var opt_index : integer ) : integer;
(**************************************************************************)
implementation
uses dos; (* needed for getenv *)
const
dummy_null : integer = 0;
dummy_option : option = ( name:''; has_arg:no_argument; flag:nil; val:0 );
var
i : integer; (* only used in the begin-end section of this unit *)
(* The remaining unprocessed part of the current option-element
in which the last option character we returned was found.
This allows us to pick up the scan where we left off.
If this is a null string, it means resume the scan
by advancing to the next ARGV-element. *)
(** Was originally a pointer to the first character in the remaining
unprocessed part of the argument (both used as a pointer and as a string).
Now that it is used only as a string, 'remaining_arg' would have been
a more descriptive name. **)
var
nextchar : string;
(* Describe how to deal with options that follow non-option ARGV-elements.
If the caller did not specify anything,
the default is REQUIRE_ORDER if the environment variable
POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined, PERMUTE otherwise.
REQUIRE_ORDER means don't recognize them as options;
stop option processing when the first non-option is seen.
This is what Unix does.
This mode of operation is selected by either setting the environment
variable POSIXLY_CORRECT, or using `+' as the first character
of the list of option characters.
PERMUTE is the default. We permute the contents of ARGV as we scan,
so that eventually all the non-options are at the end. This allows options
to be given in any order, even with programs that were not written to
expect this.
RETURN_IN_ORDER is an option available to programs that were written
to expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about
the ordering of the two. We describe each non-option ARGV-element
as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1.
Using `-' as the first character of the list of option characters
selects this mode of operation.
The special argument `--' forces an end of option-scanning regardless
of the value of `ordering'. In the case of RETURN_IN_ORDER, only
`--' can cause `getopt' to return EOF_getopt with `optind' != ARGC. *)
type
ordering_type = ( REQUIRE_ORDER, PERMUTE, RETURN_IN_ORDER );
var
ordering : ordering_type;
(* Set to true if the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT exist. *)
posixly_correct : boolean;
(* Handle permutation of arguments. *)
(* Describe the part of ARGV that contains non-options that have
been skipped. `first_nonopt' is the index in ARGV of the first of them;
`last_nonopt' is the index after the last of them. *)
first_nonopt : integer;
last_nonopt : integer;
(* Exchange two adjacent subsequences of ARGV.
One subsequence is elements [first_nonopt,last_nonopt)
which contains all the non-options that have been skipped so far.
The other is elements [last_nonopt,optind), which contains all
the options processed since those non-options were skipped.
`first_nonopt' and `last_nonopt' are relocated so that they describe
the new indices of the non-options in ARGV after they are moved. *)
procedure exchange( var argv : array of string );
var
bottom, middle, top : integer;
tem : string;
i, len : integer;
begin
bottom := first_nonopt;
middle := last_nonopt;
top := optind;
(* Exchange the shorter segment with the far end of the longer segment.
That puts the shorter segment into the right place.
It leaves the longer segment in the right place overall,
but it consists of two parts that need to be swapped next. *)
while ( (top > middle) and (middle > bottom) ) do
begin
if ( (top - middle) > (middle - bottom) ) then
begin
(* Bottom segment is the short one. *)
len := middle - bottom;
(* Swap it with the top part of the top segment. *)
for i:=0 to len-1 do
begin
tem := argv[bottom + i];
argv[bottom + i] := argv[top - (middle - bottom) + i];
argv[top - (middle - bottom) + i] := tem;
end; (* for *)
(* Exclude the moved bottom segment from further swapping. *)
top := top - len;
end
else
begin
(* Top segment is the short one. *)
len := top - middle;
(* Swap it with the bottom part of the bottom segment. *)
for i:=0 to len-1 do
begin
tem := argv[bottom + i];
argv[bottom + i] := argv[middle + i];
argv[middle + i] := tem;
end; (* for *)
(* Exclude the moved top segment from further swapping. *)
bottom := bottom + len;
end; (* else *)
end; (* while *)
(* Update records for the slots the non-options now occupy. *)
first_nonopt := first_nonopt + (optind - last_nonopt);
last_nonopt := optind;
end; (* procedure exchange *)
(* Initialize the internal data when the first call is made. *)
function _getopt_initialize( optstring : string ) : string;
begin
(* Start processing options with ARGV-element 1 (since ARGV-element 0
is the program name); the sequence of previously skipped
non-option ARGV-elements is empty. *)
first_nonopt := 1;
last_nonopt := 1;
optind := 1;
nextchar := '';
posixly_correct := getenv('POSIXLY_CORRECT') <> '';
(* Determine how to handle the ordering of options and nonoptions. *)
if (optstring[0] = '-') then
begin
ordering := RETURN_IN_ORDER;
end
else if (optstring[0] = '+') then
begin
ordering := REQUIRE_ORDER;
delete(optstring, 1, 1);
end
else if posixly_correct then
ordering := REQUIRE_ORDER
else
ordering := PERMUTE;
_getopt_initialize := optstring;
end; (* function _getopt_initialize *)
(* Scan elements of ARGV (whose length is ARGC) for option characters
given in OPTSTRING.
If an element of ARGV starts with '-', and is not exactly "-" or "--",
then it is an option element. The characters of this element
(aside from the initial '-') are option characters. If `getopt'
is called repeatedly, it returns successively each of the option characters
from each of the option elements.
If `getopt' finds another option character, it returns that character,
updating `optind' and `nextchar' so that the next call to `getopt' can
resume the scan with the following option character or ARGV-element.
If there are no more option characters, `getopt' returns `EOF_getopt'.
Then `optind' is the index in ARGV of the first ARGV-element
that is not an option. (The ARGV-elements have been permuted
so that those that are not options now come last.)
OPTSTRING is a string containing the legitimate option characters.
If an option character is seen that is not listed in OPTSTRING,
return '?' after printing an error message. If you set `opterr' to
false, the error message is suppressed but we still return '?'.
If a char in OPTSTRING is followed by a colon, that means it wants an arg,
so the following text in the same ARGV-element, or the text of the following
ARGV-element, is returned in `optarg'. Two colons mean an option that
wants an optional arg; if there is text in the current ARGV-element,
it is returned in `optarg', otherwise `optarg' is set to the empty string ''.
If OPTSTRING starts with `-' or `+', it requests different methods of
handling the non-option ARGV-elements.
See the comments about RETURN_IN_ORDER and REQUIRE_ORDER, above.
Long-named options begin with `--' instead of `-'.
Their names may be abbreviated as long as the abbreviation is unique
or is an exact match for some defined option. If they have an
argument, it follows the option name in the same ARGV-element, separated
from the option name by a `=', or else the in next ARGV-element.
When `getopt' finds a long-named option, it returns #0 if that option's
`flag' field is nonzero, the value of the option's `val' field
if the `flag' field is zero.
LONGOPTS is a array of `option'-records terminated by an
element containing a name which is a empty string.
LONGIND returns the index in LONGOPT of the long-named option found.
It is only valid when a long-named option has been found by the most
recent call.
If LONG_ONLY is true, '-' as well as '--' can introduce
long-named options. *)
function _getopt_internal( argc : integer;
var argv : array of string;
optstring : string;
longopts : array of option;
var longind : integer;
long_only : boolean ) : integer;
var
(** original variable/pointer 'p' not used.
"longopts[<some index>]" used instead **)
indfound : integer;
option_index : integer;
equal_sign_pos : integer; (* / substitutes the function of *)
option_part : string; (* / original variable `nameend' *)
c : char;
temp_pos : integer;
pfound : ^option;
exact : boolean;
ambig : boolean;
begin
optarg := '';
if (optind = 0) then
begin
optstring := _getopt_initialize (optstring);
optind := 1; (* Don't scan ARGV[0], the program name. *)
end;
if (nextchar = '') then
begin
(* Advance to the next ARGV-element. *)
if (ordering = PERMUTE) then
begin
(* If we have just processed some options following some non-options,
exchange them so that the options come first. *)
if ( (first_nonopt <> last_nonopt) and (last_nonopt <> optind) ) then
exchange( argv )
else if (last_nonopt <> optind) then
first_nonopt := optind;
(* Skip any additional non-options
and extend the range of non-options previously skipped. *)
while ( (optind < argc) and
( (argv[optind][1] <> '-') or (length(argv[optind])=1) ) ) do
inc(optind);
last_nonopt := optind;
end;
(* The special ARGV-element `--' means premature end of options.
Skip it like a null option,
then exchange with previous non-options as if it were an option,
then skip everything else like a non-option. *)
if ( (optind <> argc) and (argv[optind] = '--')) then
begin
inc(optind);
if ( (first_nonopt <> last_nonopt) and (last_nonopt <> optind) ) then
exchange( argv )
else if (first_nonopt = last_nonopt) then
first_nonopt := optind;
last_nonopt := argc;
optind := argc;
end;
(* If we have done all the ARGV-elements, stop the scan
and back over any non-options that we skipped and permuted. *)
if (optind = argc) then
begin
(* Set the next-arg-index to point at the non-options
that we previously skipped, so the caller will digest them. *)
if (first_nonopt <> last_nonopt) then
optind := first_nonopt;
_getopt_internal := EOF_getopt;
exit;
end;
(* If we have come to a non-option and did not permute it,
either stop the scan or describe it to the caller and pass it by. *)
if ( (argv[optind][1] <> '-') or (length(argv[optind]) = 1) ) then
begin
if (ordering = REQUIRE_ORDER) then
begin
_getopt_internal := EOF_getopt;
exit;
end;
inc(optind);
optarg := argv[optind];
_getopt_internal := 1;
exit;
end;
(* We have found another option-ARGV-element.
Skip the initial punctuation. *)
nextchar := argv[optind];
delete( nextchar, 1, 1 );
if ( (longopts[0].name <> '') and (argv[optind][2] = '-') ) then
delete( nextchar, 1, 1 );
end; (* if (nextchar = '') *)
(* Decode the current option-ARGV-element. *)
(* Check whether the ARGV-element is a long option.
If long_only and the ARGV-element has the form "-f", where f is
a valid short option, don't consider it an abbreviated form of
a long option that starts with f. Otherwise there would be no
way to give the -f short option.
On the other hand, if there's a long option "fubar" and
the ARGV-element is "-fu", do consider that an abbreviation of
the long option, just like "--fu", and not "-f" with arg "u".
This distinction seems to be the most useful approach. *)
(** if ( str[2] or xxxx )
if ( str[2]!='/0' or xxxx )
str[2]=='/0' <==> len(str) = 2
str[2]!='/0' <==> len(str) != 2 **)
if ( (longopts[0].name <> '') and
( (argv[optind][2] = '-') or
(long_only and ( (length(argv[optind]) <> 2) or
(pos(argv[optind][2], optstring) = 0)
)
)
)
) then
begin (* found a long option *)
pfound := nil;
exact := false;
ambig := false;
equal_sign_pos := pos( '=', nextchar );
if (equal_sign_pos <> 0) then
begin
option_part := copy(nextchar,1,equal_sign_pos-1);
end
else
option_part := nextchar;
(* Test all long options for either exact match
or abbreviated matches. *)
option_index := 0;
while ( longopts[option_index].name <> '' ) do
begin
if ( pos(option_part, longopts[option_index].name) = 1 ) then
begin
if (option_part = longopts[option_index].name) then
begin
(* Exact match found. *)
pfound := @longopts[option_index];
indfound := option_index;
exact := true;
break;
end
else if (pfound = nil) then
begin
(* First nonexact match found. *)
pfound := @longopts[option_index];
indfound := option_index;
end
else
(* Second or later nonexact match found. *)
ambig := true;
end; (* if *)
inc(option_index);
end; (* while *)
if (ambig and not exact) then
begin
if (opterr) then
writeln( argv[0], ': option `', argv[optind], ''' is ambiguous');
nextchar := '';
inc(optind);
_getopt_internal := integer('?');
exit;
end;
if (pfound <> nil) then
begin
option_index := indfound;
inc(optind);
if (equal_sign_pos <> 0) then
begin
if (pfound^.has_arg <> no_argument) then
optarg := copy( nextchar, equal_sign_pos+1, length(nextchar)-(equal_sign_pos) )
else
begin
if (opterr) then
if (argv[optind - 1][2] = '-') then
(* --option *)
writeln(argv[0], ': option `--', pfound^.name,
''' doesn''t allow an argument')
else
(* +option or -option *)
writeln(argv[0], ': option `', argv[optind - 1][1], pfound^.name,
''' doesn''t allow an argument');
nextchar := '';
_getopt_internal := integer('?');
exit;
end;
end (* if (equal_sign_pos <> 0) *)
else if (pfound^.has_arg = required_argument) then
begin
if (optind < argc) then
begin
optarg := argv[optind];
inc(optind);
end
else
begin
if (opterr) then
writeln( argv[0], ': option `', argv[optind - 1], ''' requires an argument');
nextchar := '';
if (optstring[1] = ':') then
_getopt_internal := integer(':')
else
_getopt_internal := integer('?');
exit;
end;
end;
nextchar := '';
longind := option_index;
if (pfound^.flag <> nil) then
begin
pfound^.flag^ := pfound^.val;
_getopt_internal := 0;
exit;
end;
_getopt_internal := pfound^.val;
exit;
end; (* if (pfound <> nil) *)
(* Can't find it as a long option. If this is not getopt_long_only,
or the option starts with '--' or is not a valid short
option, then it's an error.
Otherwise interpret it as a short option. *)
if ( (not long_only) or ( argv[optind][2] = '-' )
or (pos( nextchar[1], optstring ) = 0) ) then
begin
if (opterr) then
begin
if (argv[optind][2] = '-') then
(* --option *)
writeln( argv[0], ': unrecognized option `--', nextchar, '''')
else
(* +option or -option *)
writeln( argv[0], ': unrecognized option `', argv[optind][1], nextchar, '''');
end;
nextchar := '';
inc(optind);
_getopt_internal := integer('?');
exit;
end;
end; (* if (longopts[0].name <> '') or ......... *)
(* Look at and handle the next short option-character. *)
c := nextchar[1];
delete(nextchar, 1, 1);
(* Increment `optind' when we start to process its last character. *)
if (nextchar = '') then
inc(optind);
temp_pos := pos( c, optstring );
if ( (temp_pos = 0) or (c = ':') ) then
begin
if (opterr) then
begin
if (posixly_correct) then
(* 1003.2 specifies the format of this message. *)
writeln( argv[0], ': illegal option -- ', c )
else
writeln( argv[0], ': invalid option -- ', c );
end;
optopt := c;
_getopt_internal := integer('?');
exit;
end;
if (optstring[temp_pos+1] = ':') then
begin
if (optstring[temp_pos+2] = ':') then
begin
(* This is an option that accepts an argument optionally. *)
if (nextchar <> '') then
begin
optarg := nextchar;
inc(optind);
end
else
optarg := '';
nextchar := '';
end (* if (optstring[temp_pos+2] = ':') *)
else
begin
(* This is an option that requires an argument. *)
if (nextchar <> '') then
begin
optarg := nextchar;
(* If we end this ARGV-element by taking the rest as an arg,
we must advance to the next element now. *)
inc(optind);
end
else if (optind = argc) then
begin
if (opterr) then
begin
(* 1003.2 specifies the format of this message. *)
writeln( argv[0], ': option requires an argument -- ', c);
end;
optopt := c;
if (optstring[1] = ':') then
c := ':'
else
c := '?';
end
else
begin
(* We already incremented `optind' once;
increment it again when taking next ARGV-elt as argument. *)
optarg := argv[optind];
inc(optind);
end;
nextchar := '';
end;
end; (* if (optstring[temp_pos+1] = ':') *)
_getopt_internal := integer(c);
end; (* function _getopt_internal *)
function getopt( argc : integer;
var argv : array of string;
optstring : string ) : integer;
begin
getopt := _getopt_internal (argc, argv, optstring,
dummy_option,
dummy_null,
false);
end; (* function getopt *)
function getopt_long( argc : integer; var argv : array of string;
options : string;
long_options : array of option; var opt_index : integer ) : integer;
begin
getopt_long := _getopt_internal (argc, argv, options,
long_options,
opt_index,
false);
end; (* function getopt_long *)
function getopt_long_only( argc : integer; var argv : array of string;
options : string;
long_options : array of option;
var opt_index : integer ) : integer;
begin
getopt_long_only := _getopt_internal (argc, argv, options,
long_options,
opt_index,
true);
end; (* function getopt_long_only *)
begin (* initializing fo the unit *)
argc := paramcount + 1;
new(argvptr);
for i:=0 to argc do
argvptr^ := paramstr(i);
end.
w