关于串口的问题(100分)

hylks · 2006-06-05

我想把一个采集仪器上的数据显示在界面上,看了一些关于 windows API 还是不太明白 ?请高手指教? 谢谢

muhx · 2006-06-05

需要 1.了解传输方式,比如RS232,489等等 2.了解通讯协议,是二进制传送还是字符串方式传送 3.使用控件或者API 下面是我的一个单元的代码希望对你有帮助 { 实验室设备软件                      } { System Resource                     } { 串口定义单元                        } { Copyright (c) 2005, CHR Corporation } { Date:    2005-10-01                 } { Build:   2005-11-17                 } { Author:  muhx                       } unit UntCommDefine; interface uses  Windows, Classes, SyncObjs, SysUtils, UntTypeDefine; type  { 串口通讯类 }  TCom = class  private    FCriticalSection: TCriticalSection;    FHandle: THandle;    FComName: string;    FBaud: TBaudRate;    FParity: TParity;    FStopBit: TStopBit;    FDataBit: TDataBit;    FInQueue: Integer;    FOutQueue: Integer;    FReadTimeOut: Integer;    FWriteTimeOut: Integer;    FTimeOut: COMMTIMEOUTS;    FEventMask: Integer;  private    procedure Lock;    procedure Unlock;    function HandtoClip(AAddress: Byte): Boolean;    function ReceiveData(APReceive: PByte; AReceiveLen: Integer): Boolean;    function FiltrateUnableDate: Boolean;  public    constructor ComCreate(AComSet: TComSet);    destructor Destroy; override;  public    procedure ChangeComSet(const AComSet: TComSet);    procedure ChangeParity(AParity: TParity);    procedure CloseCom;    procedure OpenCom;    procedure PurgeCom;    function Enabled: Boolean;    function Read(var APData; ADataLen: Integer): Boolean;    function Write(var APData; ADataLen: Integer): Boolean;  public    function SendCommand(APCommand: PCmdParam): Boolean;  public    property gHandle: THandle read FHandle;    property gBaud: TBaudRate read FBaud default br57600;    property gDataBit: TDataBit read FDataBit default da8;    property gInQueue: Integer read FInQueue default 4096;    property gOutQueue: Integer read FOutQueue default 2048;    property gParity: TParity read FParity default paSpace;    property gStopBits: TStopBit read FStopBit default sb10;    property gReadTimeOut: Integer read FReadTimeOut default 2000;    property gComName: string read FComName;    property gWriteTimeOut: Integer read FWriteTimeout default 2000;  end;  TComArray = array[0..NUM_UNIT - 1] of TCom; implementation { 创建串口类 } constructor TCom.ComCreate(AComSet: TComSet); begin  inherited Create;  { 临界区 }  FCriticalSection := TCriticalSection.Create;  { 串口控制句柄 }  FHandle := INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;  { 串口参数 }  FComName := COMComID[AComSet.csComID];  FParity := AComSet.csParity;  FBaud := AComSet.csBaud;  FDataBit := AComSet.csDataBit;  FStopBit := AComSet.csStopBit;  FInQueue := AComSet.csInQueue;  FOutQueue := AComSet.csOutQueue;  FReadTimeOut := AComSet.csReadTimeOut;  FWriteTimeOut := AComSet.csWriteTimeOut;  FEventMask := EV_RXCHAR;  { 两个字节传输间隔 }  FTimeOut.ReadIntervalTimeout := 30;  { 每字节传输时间 }  FTimeOut.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier := 5;  { 没有字节时返回时间 }  FTimeOut.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant := 80;  { 每字节传输时间 }  FTimeOut.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier := 5;  { 传输时间常量 }  FTimeOut.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant := 50;  { 打开串口 }  OpenCom; end; { 释放串口类 } destructor TCom.Destroy; begin  CloseCom;  if FCriticalSection <> nil then  begin    FCriticalSection.Free;    FCriticalSection := nil;  end;  inherited Destroy; end; { 判断串口是否创建 } function TCom.Enabled: Boolean; begin  Result := FHandle <> INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; end; { 关闭串口 } procedure TCom.CloseCom; begin  if Enabled then  begin    Sleep(100);    CloseHandle(FHandle);    FHandle := INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;  end; end; { 更改串口参数 } procedure TCom.ChangeComSet(const AComSet: TComSet); var  tmpDCB: DCB; begin  try    with AComSet do    begin      FParity := csParity;      FBaud := csBaud;      FDataBit := csDataBit;      FStopBit := csStopBit;      FInQueue := csInQueue;      FOutQueue := csOutQueue;      FReadTimeOut := csReadTimeOut;      FWriteTimeOut := csWriteTimeOut;    end;    if Enabled then    begin      tmpDCB.DCBlength := SizeOf(DCB);      GetCommState(FHandle, tmpDCB);      tmpDCB.BaudRate := COMBaudRate[FBaud];      tmpDCB.Parity := COMParity[FParity];      tmpDCB.ByteSize := COMDataBit[FDataBit];      tmpDCB.StopBits := COMStopBit[FStopBit];        if not (SetupComm(FHandle, FInQueue, FOutQueue) and SetCommState(FHandle, tmpDCB))        then Abort;      PurgeCom;    end;  except    on E: Exception do    begin      CloseCom;    end;  end; end; { 更改串口奇偶校验设置 } procedure TCom.ChangeParity(AParity: TParity); var  tmpDCB: DCB; begin  try    FParity := AParity;    if Enabled then    begin      tmpDCB.DCBlength := SizeOf(DCB);      GetCommState(FHandle, tmpDCB);      tmpDCB.Parity := COMParity[FParity];      if not SetCommState(FHandle, tmpDCB) then        Abort;      PurgeCom;    end;  except    on E: Exception do    begin      CloseCom;    end;  end; end; { 进入临界区 } { 在对串口进行操作的时候确保没有同时进行其他操作 } procedure TCom.Lock; begin  FCriticalSection.Enter; end; { 退出缓冲区 } procedure TCom.Unlock; begin  FCriticalSection.Leave; end; { 创建串口 } procedure TCom.OpenCom; var  tmpDCB: DCB; begin  if Enabled then    Exit;  try    FHandle := CreateFile(PChar(FComName), GENERIC_READ or GENERIC_WRITE,      0, nil,      OPEN_EXISTING,      FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,      0);    if not Enabled then      Abort    else begin      { 设置串口参数 }      tmpDCB.DCBlength := SizeOf(DCB);      GetCommState(FHandle, tmpDCB);      tmpDCB.BaudRate := COMBaudRate[FBaud];      tmpDCB.Parity := COMParity[FParity];      tmpDCB.ByteSize := COMDataBit[FDataBit];      tmpDCB.StopBits := COMStopBit[FStopBit];      if not (SetCommMask(FHandle, FEventMask) and        SetCommTimeouts(FHandle, FTimeOut) and        SetupComm(FHandle, FInQueue, FOutQueue) and        SetCommState(FHandle, tmpDCB) and        (FCriticalSection <> nil)) then        Abort;    end;  except    on E: Exception do    begin      CloseCom;    end;  end; end; { 清空缓冲区 } procedure TCom.PurgeCom; begin  if Enabled then  begin    PurgeComm(FHandle, PURGE_RXCLEAR);    PurgeComm(FHandle, PURGE_TXCLEAR);  end; end; { 从串口读取数据 } function TCom.Read(var APData; ADataLen: Integer): Boolean; var  tmpOverlapped: TOverlapped;  tmpEvent: TSimpleEvent;  tmpReceive: DWord; begin  Result := True;  //Lock;  tmpEvent := TSimpleEvent.Create;  try    tmpReceive := 0;    FillChar(tmpOverlapped, SizeOf(tmpOverlapped), 0);    tmpOverlapped.hEvent := tmpEvent.Handle;    if not ReadFile(FHandle, APData, ADataLen, DWord(tmpReceive),      @tmpOverlapped) and (GetLastError <> ERROR_IO_PENDING) then      Result := False;    if tmpEvent.WaitFor(FReadTimeOut) <> wrSignaled then      Result := False    else begin      GetOverlappedResult(FHandle, tmpOverlapped, DWord(tmpReceive), False);      tmpEvent.ResetEvent;    end;  finally    //Unlock;    tmpEvent.Free;    if tmpReceive <> DWord(ADataLen) then      Result := False;  end; end; { 向串口写入数据 } function TCom.Write(var APData; ADataLen: Integer): Boolean; var  tmpOverlapped: TOverlapped;  tmpEvent: TSimpleEvent;  tmpWrite: DWord; begin  //Lock;  Result := True;  tmpEvent := TSimpleEvent.Create;  try    tmpWrite := 0;    FillChar(tmpOverlapped, SizeOf(tmpOverlapped), 0);    tmpOverlapped.hEvent := tmpEvent.Handle;      if not WriteFile(FHandle, APData, ADataLen, DWord(tmpWrite),      @tmpOverlapped) and (GetLastError <> ERROR_IO_PENDING) then      Result := False;    if tmpEvent.WaitFor(FWriteTimeOut) <> wrSignaled then      Result := False    else begin      GetOverlappedResult(FHandle, tmpOverlapped, DWord(tmpWrite), False);      tmpEvent.ResetEvent;     end;  finally    //Unlock;    tmpEvent.Free;    if tmpWrite <> DWord(ADataLen) then      Result := False;  end; end; { 发送命令 } function TCom.SendCommand(APCommand: PCmdParam): Boolean; var  i: Integer; begin  Result := False;  Lock;  try    i := 0;    while (i < 5) do    begin      { 地址握手 }      ChangeParity(paMark);      if not HandtoClip(APCommand^.cmdAddress) then      begin        Inc(i);        Continue;      end;      { 发送命令 }      ChangeParity(paSpace);      if not Write(APCommand^.cmdCommand, SizeOf(APCommand^.cmdCommand)) then      begin        Inc(I);        Continue;      end;      { 发送数据 }      if APCommand^.cmdSendLen <> 0 then      begin        if not Write(APCommand^.cmdPSend^, APCommand^.cmdSendLen) then        begin          Inc(I);          Continue;        end;      end;      { 接收数据 }      if not ReceiveData(APCommand^.cmdPReceive, APCommand^.cmpReceiveLen) then      begin        Inc(I);        Continue;      end;      Result := True;      Break;    end;  finally    Sleep(100);    PurgeCom;    UnLock;  end; end; { 与MCU地址握手 } { 2005-12-30 15:40 build by muhx } function TCom.HandtoClip(AAddress: Byte): Boolean; var  tmpByte: Byte; begin  Result := False;  { 发送地址 }  if not Write(AAddress, SizeOf(AAddress)) then    Exit;  { 过滤无效数据 }  if not FiltrateUnableDate then    Exit;  { 读取数据 }  if not Read(tmpByte, SizeOf(tmpByte)) then    Exit;  { 比较数据 }  if (tmpByte <> AAddress) then    Exit;  { 若接收成功且数据正确返回True }  Result := True; end; { 过滤无效数据 } { 2005-12-30 16:49 build by muhx } function TCom.FiltrateUnableDate: Boolean; var  tmpByte: Byte;  tmpIndex: Integer; begin  Result := False;  { 过滤无效数据 }  tmpIndex := 0;  repeat    Inc(tmpIndex);    if tmpIndex > TIMES_FILTER_BYTE then      Exit;    if not Read(tmpByte, SizeOf(tmpByte)) then      Exit;    if tmpByte <> $AA then      Continue;    if not Read(tmpByte, SizeOf(tmpByte)) then      Exit;    if tmpByte <> $55 then      Continue;    Result := True;  until    Result = True; end; { 接收数据，根据通讯协议，在接收数据前有AA55两字节校验码 } { 2005-12-30 17:25 build by muhx } function TCom.ReceiveData(APReceive: PByte; AReceiveLen: Integer): Boolean; var  tmpRead: array[0..1023] of Byte;  tmpPByte: PByte;  i: Integer; begin  Result := False;  { 过滤无效数据 }  if not FiltrateUnableDate then    Exit;  if AReceiveLen <> 0 then  begin    if Read(tmpRead, AReceiveLen) then    begin      tmpPByte := APReceive;      for i := 0 to AReceiveLen - 1 do      begin        tmpPByte^ := tmpRead;        Inc(tmpPByte);      end;    end    else      Exit;  end  else  begin    if not Read(tmpRead, 1) then      Exit;    if tmpRead[0] = $88 then      Exit;  end;  Result := True; end; end. 部分定义如下 { 串行通讯定义 }  { 串口号 }  TCOMID = (ciCOM1, ciCOM2, ciCOM3, ciCOM4, ciCOM5, ciCOM6, ciCOM7, ciCOM8, ciCOM9,    ciCOM10, ciCOM11, ciCOM12, ciCOM13, ciCOM14, ciCOM15, ciCOM16);  { 波特率 }  TBaudRate = (br110, br300, br600, br1200, br2400, br4800, br9600, br14400, br19200,    br38400, br56000, br57600, br115200, br128000, br256000);  { 奇偶校验 }  TParity = (paNone, paOdd, paEven, paMark, paSpace);  { 停止位 }  TStopBit = (sb10, sb15, sb20);  { 数据位 }  TDataBit = (da4, da5, da6, da7, da8);  { 串口设置属性 }  TComSet = record    csComID: TComID;    csBaud: TBaudRate;    csParity: TParity;    csDataBit: TDataBit;    csStopBit: TStopBit;    csOutQueue: Integer;    csInQueue: Integer;    csReadTimeOut: Integer;    csWriteTimeOut: Integer;  end;  { 命令结构定义 }  TCmdParam = record    cmdCommand: Byte;                            //命令字    cmdAddress: Byte;                            //设备地址    cmdSendLen: Integer;                         //发送数据长度    cmdPSend: PByte;                             //发送数据指针    cmpReceiveLen: Integer;                      //接收数据长度    cmdPReceive: PByte;                          //接收数据指针  end;  { 命令结构指针 }  PCmdParam = ^TCmdParam; 还有其他问题可以给我的邮箱发邮件 muhx1981@126.com

hylks · 2006-06-05

谢谢你的回答 我是刚接触这个软件时间不长老板就让我做一个界面, 把从采集仪器上采集到的数据在界面上显示出来的同时,还要存在数据库里. 真是好难!!!

hylks · 2006-06-05

谢谢

关于串口的问题(100分)

hylks

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muhx

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