如何判断两张图片是否相同。 ( 积分: 100 )

有两张格式一样的文件，如何用程序判断里面的图形相同或相似？

有人研究过吗？
该怎么实现比较好呢？
我想过同时顺序读两个文件的二进制代码然后按位比较，不知道可不可行。

有两张格式一样的文件，如何用程序判断里面的图形相同或相似？

有人研究过吗？
该怎么实现比较好呢？
我想过同时顺序读两个文件的二进制代码然后按位比较，不知道可不可行。

同时顺序读两个文件的二进制代码然后按位比较，肯定不行。

建议楼主参考 隐Makrkov模型 方面的资料看看。

我觉得可以两图相减，然后统计不同点的多少

判断文件MD5
MD5Print(MD5File());

unit UnitMD5;

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERFACE
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

uses
Windows;

type
MD5Count = array[0..1] of DWORD;
MD5State = array[0..3] of DWORD;
MD5Block = array[0..15] of DWORD;
MD5CBits = array[0..7] of byte;
MD5Digest = array[0..15] of byte;
MD5Buffer = array[0..63] of byte;
MD5Context = record
State: MD5State;
Count: MD5Count;
Buffer: MD5Buffer;
end;

procedure MD5Init(var Context: MD5Context);
procedure MD5Update(var Context: MD5Context; Input: pChar; Length: longword);
procedure MD5Final(var Context: MD5Context; var Digest: MD5Digest);

function MD5String(M: string): MD5Digest;
function MD5File(N: string): MD5Digest;
function MD5Print(D: MD5Digest): string;

function MD5Match(D1, D2: MD5Digest): boolean;

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMPLEMENTATION
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

var
PADDING: MD5Buffer = (
$80, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00,
$00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00,
$00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00,
$00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00,
$00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00,
$00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00,
$00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00,
$00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00, $00
);

function F(x, y, z: DWORD): DWORD;
begin
Result := (x and y) or ((not x) and z);
end;

function G(x, y, z: DWORD): DWORD;
begin
Result := (x and z) or (y and (not z));
end;

function H(x, y, z: DWORD): DWORD;
begin
Result := x xor y xor z;
end;

function I(x, y, z: DWORD): DWORD;
begin
Result := y xor (x or (not z));
end;

procedure rot(var x: DWORD; n: BYTE);
begin
x := (x shl n) or (x shr (32 - n));
end;

procedure FF(var a: DWORD; b, c, d, x: DWORD; s: BYTE; ac: DWORD);
begin
inc(a, F(b, c, d) + x + ac);
rot(a, s);
inc(a, b);
end;

procedure GG(var a: DWORD; b, c, d, x: DWORD; s: BYTE; ac: DWORD);
begin
inc(a, G(b, c, d) + x + ac);
rot(a, s);
inc(a, b);
end;

procedure HH(var a: DWORD; b, c, d, x: DWORD; s: BYTE; ac: DWORD);
begin
inc(a, H(b, c, d) + x + ac);
rot(a, s);
inc(a, b);
end;

procedure II(var a: DWORD; b, c, d, x: DWORD; s: BYTE; ac: DWORD);
begin
inc(a, I(b, c, d) + x + ac);
rot(a, s);
inc(a, b);
end;

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Encode Count bytes at Source into (Count / 4) DWORDs at Target
procedure Encode(Source, Target: pointer; Count: longword);
var
S: PByte;
T: PDWORD;
I: longword;
begin
S := Source;
T := Target;
for I := 1 to Count div 4 do begin
T^ := S^;
inc(S);
T^ := T^ or (S^ shl 8);
inc(S);
T^ := T^ or (S^ shl 16);
inc(S);
T^ := T^ or (S^ shl 24);
inc(S);
inc(T);
end;
end;

// Decode Count DWORDs at Source into (Count * 4) Bytes at Target
procedure Decode(Source, Target: pointer; Count: longword);
var
S: PDWORD;
T: PByte;
I: longword;
begin
S := Source;
T := Target;
for I := 1 to Count do begin
T^ := S^ and $ff;
inc(T);
T^ := (S^ shr 8) and $ff;
inc(T);
T^ := (S^ shr 16) and $ff;
inc(T);
T^ := (S^ shr 24) and $ff;
inc(T);
inc(S);
end;
end;

// Transform State according to first 64 bytes at Buffer
procedure Transform(Buffer: pointer; var State: MD5State);
var
a, b, c, d: DWORD;
Block: MD5Block;
begin
Encode(Buffer, @Block, 64);
a := State[0];
b := State[1];
c := State[2];
d := State[3];
FF (a, b, c, d, Block[ 0], 7, $d76aa478);
FF (d, a, b, c, Block[ 1], 12, $e8c7b756);
FF (c, d, a, b, Block[ 2], 17, $242070db);
FF (b, c, d, a, Block[ 3], 22, $c1bdceee);
FF (a, b, c, d, Block[ 4], 7, $f57c0faf);
FF (d, a, b, c, Block[ 5], 12, $4787c62a);
FF (c, d, a, b, Block[ 6], 17, $a8304613);
FF (b, c, d, a, Block[ 7], 22, $fd469501);
FF (a, b, c, d, Block[ 8], 7, $698098d8);
FF (d, a, b, c, Block[ 9], 12, $8b44f7af);
FF (c, d, a, b, Block[10], 17, $ffff5bb1);
FF (b, c, d, a, Block[11], 22, $895cd7be);
FF (a, b, c, d, Block[12], 7, $6b901122);
FF (d, a, b, c, Block[13], 12, $fd987193);
FF (c, d, a, b, Block[14], 17, $a679438e);
FF (b, c, d, a, Block[15], 22, $49b40821);
GG (a, b, c, d, Block[ 1], 5, $f61e2562);
GG (d, a, b, c, Block[ 6], 9, $c040b340);
GG (c, d, a, b, Block[11], 14, $265e5a51);
GG (b, c, d, a, Block[ 0], 20, $e9b6c7aa);
GG (a, b, c, d, Block[ 5], 5, $d62f105d);
GG (d, a, b, c, Block[10], 9, $2441453);
GG (c, d, a, b, Block[15], 14, $d8a1e681);
GG (b, c, d, a, Block[ 4], 20, $e7d3fbc8);
GG (a, b, c, d, Block[ 9], 5, $21e1cde6);
GG (d, a, b, c, Block[14], 9, $c33707d6);
GG (c, d, a, b, Block[ 3], 14, $f4d50d87);
GG (b, c, d, a, Block[ 8], 20, $455a14ed);
GG (a, b, c, d, Block[13], 5, $a9e3e905);
GG (d, a, b, c, Block[ 2], 9, $fcefa3f8);
GG (c, d, a, b, Block[ 7], 14, $676f02d9);
GG (b, c, d, a, Block[12], 20, $8d2a4c8a);
HH (a, b, c, d, Block[ 5], 4, $fffa3942);
HH (d, a, b, c, Block[ 8], 11, $8771f681);
HH (c, d, a, b, Block[11], 16, $6d9d6122);
HH (b, c, d, a, Block[14], 23, $fde5380c);
HH (a, b, c, d, Block[ 1], 4, $a4beea44);
HH (d, a, b, c, Block[ 4], 11, $4bdecfa9);
HH (c, d, a, b, Block[ 7], 16, $f6bb4b60);
HH (b, c, d, a, Block[10], 23, $bebfbc70);
HH (a, b, c, d, Block[13], 4, $289b7ec6);
HH (d, a, b, c, Block[ 0], 11, $eaa127fa);
HH (c, d, a, b, Block[ 3], 16, $d4ef3085);
HH (b, c, d, a, Block[ 6], 23, $4881d05);
HH (a, b, c, d, Block[ 9], 4, $d9d4d039);
HH (d, a, b, c, Block[12], 11, $e6db99e5);
HH (c, d, a, b, Block[15], 16, $1fa27cf8);
HH (b, c, d, a, Block[ 2], 23, $c4ac5665);
II (a, b, c, d, Block[ 0], 6, $f4292244);
II (d, a, b, c, Block[ 7], 10, $432aff97);
II (c, d, a, b, Block[14], 15, $ab9423a7);
II (b, c, d, a, Block[ 5], 21, $fc93a039);
II (a, b, c, d, Block[12], 6, $655b59c3);
II (d, a, b, c, Block[ 3], 10, $8f0ccc92);
II (c, d, a, b, Block[10], 15, $ffeff47d);
II (b, c, d, a, Block[ 1], 21, $85845dd1);
II (a, b, c, d, Block[ 8], 6, $6fa87e4f);
II (d, a, b, c, Block[15], 10, $fe2ce6e0);
II (c, d, a, b, Block[ 6], 15, $a3014314);
II (b, c, d, a, Block[13], 21, $4e0811a1);
II (a, b, c, d, Block[ 4], 6, $f7537e82);
II (d, a, b, c, Block[11], 10, $bd3af235);
II (c, d, a, b, Block[ 2], 15, $2ad7d2bb);
II (b, c, d, a, Block[ 9], 21, $eb86d391);
inc(State[0], a);
inc(State[1], b);
inc(State[2], c);
inc(State[3], d);
end;

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Initialize given Context
procedure MD5Init(var Context: MD5Context);
begin
with Context do begin
State[0] := $67452301;
State[1] := $efcdab89;
State[2] := $98badcfe;
State[3] := $10325476;
Count[0] := 0;
Count[1] := 0;
ZeroMemory(@Buffer, SizeOf(MD5Buffer));
end;
end;

// Update given Context to include Length bytes of Input
procedure MD5Update(var Context: MD5Context; Input: pChar; Length: longword);
var
Index: longword;
PartLen: longword;
I: longword;
begin
with Context do begin
Index := (Count[0] shr 3) and $3f;
inc(Count[0], Length shl 3);
if Count[0] < (Length shl 3) then inc(Count[1]);
inc(Count[1], Length shr 29);
end;
PartLen := 64 - Index;
if Length >= PartLen then begin
CopyMemory(@Context.Buffer[Index], Input, PartLen);
Transform(@Context.Buffer, Context.State);
I := PartLen;
while I + 63 < Length do begin
Transform(@Input, Context.State);
inc(I, 64);
end;
Index := 0;
end else I := 0;
CopyMemory(@Context.Buffer[Index], @Input, Length - I);
end;

// Finalize given Context, create Digest and zeroize Context
procedure MD5Final(var Context: MD5Context; var Digest: MD5Digest);
var
Bits: MD5CBits;
Index: longword;
PadLen: longword;
begin
Decode(@Context.Count, @Bits, 2);
Index := (Context.Count[0] shr 3) and $3f;
if Index < 56 then PadLen := 56 - Index else PadLen := 120 - Index;
MD5Update(Context, @PADDING, PadLen);
MD5Update(Context, @Bits, 8);
Decode(@Context.State, @Digest, 4);
ZeroMemory(@Context, SizeOf(MD5Context));
end;

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Create digest of given Message
function MD5String(M: string): MD5Digest;
var
Context: MD5Context;
begin
MD5Init(Context);
MD5Update(Context, pChar(M), length(M));
MD5Final(Context, Result);
end;

// Create digest of file with given Name
function MD5File(N: string): MD5Digest;
var
FileHandle: THandle;
MapHandle: THandle;
ViewPointer: pointer;
Context: MD5Context;
begin
MD5Init(Context);
FileHandle := CreateFile(pChar(N), GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ or FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
nil, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL or FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN, 0);
if FileHandle <> INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE then try
MapHandle := CreateFileMapping(FileHandle, nil, PAGE_READONLY, 0, 0, nil);
if MapHandle <> 0 then try
ViewPointer := MapViewOfFile(MapHandle, FILE_MAP_READ, 0, 0, 0);
if ViewPointer <> nil then try
MD5Update(Context, ViewPointer, GetFileSize(FileHandle, nil));
finally
UnmapViewOfFile(ViewPointer);
end;
finally
CloseHandle(MapHandle);
end;
finally
CloseHandle(FileHandle);
end;
MD5Final(Context, Result);
end;

// Create hex representation of given Digest
function MD5Print(D: MD5Digest): string;
var
I: byte;
const
Digits: array[0..15] of char =
('0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f');
begin
Result := '';
for I := 0 to 15 do Result := Result + Digits[(D shr 4) and $0f] + Digits[D and $0f];
end;

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Compare two Digests
function MD5Match(D1, D2: MD5Digest): boolean;
var
I: byte;
begin
I := 0;
Result := TRUE;
while Result and (I < 16) do begin
Result := D1 = D2;
inc(I);
end;
end;

end.
别忘了加分

hough算子，只检测几个方向就可以了 速度超快

判断是否相同，这简单哦， 你直接判断 高度，宽度， 颜色值就可以啦。 用 scanLine 快

判断相似，那不好说， 什么样才是相似，不好定义。

说的再具体些：
我现在用数码相机对着一朵花连续排了两张，怎么能判断出这两张里面的内容是相似或相同呢？如果我在其中一个上再用画笔写上字，然后要怎么判断呢？如果是两个不同的相机排的图片又怎么办呢？
我主要是想知道判断的方法。
我觉得md5的方法不妥，因为不同的相机会在文件头写自己的相机信息，加密后值一定不同。
用高度和宽度到是好读，但颜色值怎么判断呢？xuxiaohan 能给点具体的建议吗？谢谢。
hough算子 和 隐Makrkov模型 方面的资料我会去查， 感谢大家关心。

但颜色值怎么判断呢？
给你参考。
procedure TForm1.AlphaBmp;
var
rowsMask: pRGBTriple;
RowsFbmp: pRGBTriple;
RowsMem : pRGBTriple;
w, h: integer;
maskBmp: TbitMap;
Fbmp: TbitMap;
x, y: integer;
Value: byte;
begin
MaskBmp:=Tbitmap.Create;
Fbmp:=TbitMap.Create;
try
MaskBmp.Assign(image2.Picture.Bitmap);
Fbmp.Assign(image1.Picture.Bitmap);
Fbmp.PixelFormat:=pf24bit;
maskBmp.PixelFormat:=pf24bit;
memBmp.PixelFormat:=pf24bit;
w:=MinIntValue([Fbmp.Width, maskBmp.Width, memBmp.width]);
h:=MinIntValue([Fbmp.Height, maskBmp.Height, memBmp.height]);
for y:=0 to h-1 do
begin
RowsMask:=Maskbmp.ScanLine[y];
RowsFbmp:=Fbmp.ScanLine[y];
RowsMem:=memBmp.ScanLine[y];
for x := 0 to w-1 do
begin
Value:=(RowsMask.rgbtBlue+Rowsmask.rgbtGreen+RowsMask.rgbtRed) div 3;
RowsFbmp^.rgbtRed:=(RowsFbmp^.rgbtRed*(255-value)+RowsMem^.rgbtRed * value) div 255;
RowsFbmp^.rgbtGreen:=(RowsFbmp^.rgbtGreen*(255-value)+RowsMem^.rgbtGreen * value) div 255;
RowsFbmp^.rgbtBlue:=(RowsFbmp^.rgbtBlue*(255-value)+RowsMem^.rgbtBlue * value) div 255;
Inc(RowsFbmp);
inc(RowsMem);
inc(RowsMask);
end;
end;
buffer.Assign(Fbmp);
finally
Maskbmp.free;
Fbmp.free;
end;

end;

很抱歉，判断不成功。
不知道还有没有别的方法。

又是个模式识别的问题，非常复杂，几乎是计算机科学的前沿。想找简单方法是不可能的，很多计算机科学家一辈子就耗在这上面，也难取得丁点的成绩。
楼主还是想办法绕过这个问题吧。

好像有那种判断图片不同点的小游戏，你找来研究一下

自由界面和报表的完美解决方案！
http://www.anylib.com

晕倒，要不要我把代码写出来？

如果只是要判断两张图片是否完全相同，whoawho在网上发布的QQ斗地主辅助工具源代码(图像识别版)用的是计算图片的CRC值后比较，应该比较快，也许你可以参考一下。

我看还是用二进制代码比较,得到绝对相同比较好,没什么好办法.

这是Demo， 测试通过！

unit Unit1;

interface

uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls, jpeg;

type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
Image1: TImage;
Image2: TImage;
Button1: TButton;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;

var
Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

function samePicture(p1, p2: TPicture): boolean;
var
Rows1: pRGBTriple;
Rows2: pRGBTriple;
x, y: integer;
w1, h1, w2, h2: integer;
bmp1, bmp2: TbitMap;
begin
result:=false;
w1:=p1.Graphic.Width;
h1:=p1.Graphic.Height;
w2:=p2.Graphic.Width;
h2:=p2.Graphic.Height;
if (w1<>w2) or (h1<>h2) then exit;
bmp1:=TBitMap.Create;
bmp2:=TbitMap.Create;
try
bmp1.Assign(p1.Graphic);
bmp2.Assign(p2.Graphic);
bmp1.PixelFormat:=pf24bit;
bmp2.PixelFormat:=pf24bit;
for y:=0 to h1-1 do
begin
rows1:=bmp1.ScanLine[y];
rows2:=bmp2.ScanLine[y];
for x:=0 to w1-1 do
begin
if (rows1^.rgbtBlue<>rows2^.rgbtBlue) or
(rows1^.rgbtGreen<>Rows2^.rgbtGreen) or
(rows1^.rgbtRed<>rows2^.rgbtRed) then break;
inc(rows1);
inc(rows2);
end;
end;
result:=true;
finally
bmp1.Free;
bmp2.Free;
end;

end;

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
if samePicture(image1.Picture, image2.Picture) then showmessage('true');
end;

end.

to xuxiaohan
不是调试不成功，我已经把代码写好了，可是在判断的时候，如果图片完全相同则没问题，如果在其中一个上加部分图形，则产生的判断会有很大的偏差，所以我说判断不成功。

因为 判断 不同的几率要比相同远多得多。所以还得再找更好些的办法。

你究竟是想判断相同， 还是相似？

你加了其他图形在上面，那当然就可以被认为不同啦。
你意思是说有一点不同，也当相同，

相似太难了，因为不知道怎么定义，尺寸不同，也可以相似，颜色值有点不同，也可以相似。

图像识别的算法是不会被问出来的，直接说专利转让费用How much吧