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各位高手能帮我简单翻译一下（中译英），只要通顺就可以了。
原文：
Delphi 与Mapinfo集成开发应用GIS系统
王文 龚静怡
一、 概述
在当今这个计算机时代，大部分的的信息管理工作都部分或全部由计算机支持，而在各种计算机管理信息系统中，地理信息系统（GIS）的迅猛发展尤为引人注目。GIS是基于计算机技术的地理理信息采集存贮与分析处理系统，其核心是“地图学+计算机图形学+数据库”，与一般管管理信息系统之主要区别在于，它对空间地理数据具有很强的分析、处理、查询等功能。它是以一种地理学研究新技术的形象出现的，但由于在许多信息管理工作中都涉及到地理空间信息，如：客户的分布、道路管网的布局等等，因此GIS的应用领域不断扩展，已远远超出地理学的范畴。
地理信息系统根据其内容可分为二大基本类型：一是应用型地理信息系统，以某一专业、领域或工作为主要内容，包括专题地理信息系统和区域综合地理信息系统；二是工具型地理信息系统，也就是GIS工具软件包，如ARC/INFO，具有空间数据输入、存贮、处理、分析和输出等GIS基本功能。随着地理信息系统应用领域的扩展，应用型GIS的开发工作日显重要。如何针对不同的应用目标，高效地开发出既合乎需要又具有方便美观丰富的界面形式的应用地理信息系统，是GIS开发者非常关心的问题。
二、应用GIS开发的三种实现方式
在GIS应用开发中，可以采用三种实现方式：
1． 独立开发
指不依赖任何GIS工具软件，从空间数据的采集、编辑到数据的处理分析及结果输出，所有的算法都由开发者独立设计，然后选用某种等程序设计语言，如C++、PASCAL等，在一定的操作系统平台上编程实现。这种方式的好处在于无须依赖任何商业GIS工具软件，减少了开发成本，但一方面对于大多数开发者来说，能力、时间、财力方面的限制使其开发出来的产品很难在功能上与商业化GIS 工具软件相比，而且在购买GIS工具软件上省下的钱可能还抵不上开发者在开发过程绞尽脑汁所花的代价。
2、单纯二次开发
指完全借助于GIS工具软件提供的开发语言进行应用系统开发。GIS工具软件大多提供了可供用户进行二次开发的宏语言，如：美国环境系统研究所（ESRI）开发的Avenue提供了Avenue语言，美国MapInfo公司研制的MapInfo提供了MapBasic语言，等等。用户可以利用这些宏语言，以原GIS工具软件为开发平台,开发出自己的针对同应用对象的应用程序，这种方式省时省心，但进行二次开发的宏语言，作为编程语言都只能算是二流，用它们来开发应用程序仍不尽人意。
3、集成二次开发
集成二次开发是指利用工具软件（如ArcView,MapInfo等）实现GIS的基本功能，以通用软件开发工具尤其是可视化开发工具（如Delphi/Visual C++、Visual Basic、Power Builder等）为开发平台，进行二者的集成开发。
集成二次开发目前主要有二种方式：一是采用OLE Automation（对象连接嵌入自动化）技术或利用DDE（动态数据交换）技术，用软件开发工具开发前台可执行应用程序，以OLE自动化方式或DDE方式启动GIS工具软件在后台运行，实现应用程序中的地理信息系统功能；二是利用GIS工具软件生产厂家提供的，建立在OCX技术基础上的GIS功能组件，如ESRI公司的MabObjects 、MapInfo公司的MapX等,在Visual C++等编程工具编制的应用程序中，直接将GIS功能嵌入其中，实现地理信息系统的各种功能。
集成二次开发既可以充分利用可视化软件开发工具的高效、方便的编程功能，又可以充分利用地理信息系统工具软件、完备的空间数据可视化分析处理功能，集二者之所长，不仅能大大提高应用系统的开发效率，而且使用可视化软件开发工具开发出来的应用程序具有更好的外观效果，更强大的数据库功能，且可靠性好、易于移植、便于维护。尤其是使用OCX技术利用GIS功能组件进行集成开发，更能表现出这些优势。
由于上述优点，集成二次开发正成为应用GIS开发的主流方向。这种方法唯一的缺点是前期投入比较大，需要同时购买GIS工具软件和可视化编程软件，但“工欲善其事，必先利其器”，这种投资值得。
三、Delphi与MapInfo的集成开发
集成二次开发工作首先要选好开发软件，最重要的实践标准之一是编码和维护成本要低。Delphig与MapInfo是能很好满足这一标准的一对出色组合。
Borland公司的Delphi 3.0是当今世界上最出色的Windows开发工具之一，其可视化开发环境，让用户能非常高效地开发出32位的Windows应用程序，它提供了一整套建立高性能数据库管理应用程序的工具，其先进的数据库性能，对于应用GIS开发者来说也是极具吸引力。
美国MapInfo公司的MapInfo Professional 4.1，则是一个优秀的桌面地图信息系统工具软件，它在对具有地理空间特征的空间数据的采集、存贮、处理、分析和输出等方面具有强大的功能。并且，该系统提供了开发语言MapBasic，可供开发者直接用以进行二次开发。但作为软件开发语言来说，其二次开发的功能不尽人意，在界面设计、数据库管理等方面都远远逊色于Delphi这类可视化软件开发工具。因此，对于应用地理信息系统开发者来说，若能很好地将二者结合起来，则既能大大提高开发效率，又能从外观、功能、速度等方面完善系统功能。
进行Delphi与MapInfo的集成开发时，可以将Delphi作为OLE自动化的控制方或DDE的客户，把MapInfo置于后台运行。但最好采用OLE自动化方式，因为这种方式比DDE方式更快、更可靠，并且在调试运行中可以获得更多出错信息。OLE自动化是Windows程序相互操纵的技术，Delphi完全支持OLE2.0标准的自动化操作，可以创建自动化客户程序来操纵其它程序，而Mapinfo则可作为OLE对象的服务器，并提供了相应的一套方法。
Delphi创建客户自动化程序是通过建立一个OLE对象来实现的，要创建OLE对象，需调用Create OLE Object函数（在OLE Auto单元中定义），并且把返回结果赋给一个Variant类型的变量，以后程序就是通过这个变量来访问OLE对象的。以“上海市海塘防汛抢险信息系统”的开发为例，这是一个多文档界面（MDI）应用程序，在其主表单程序中，有如下子程序用以创建一个Mapinfo的OLE对象
Shmap:
Procedure Thsmain.FormCreate(Sender:Tobject);
begin
Shmap:=createoleobject(‘mapinfo.application’);
end;
Mapinfo的OLE对象创建完成之后，为了能在Delphi应用程序中将Mapinfo功能本地化，也就是将Delphi创建的子表单窗口当作Mapinfo的窗口使用，例如在子表单riverform中的面板上，显示上海市水系图，需要使用Mapinfo的Set Nextdo
cument 和Set Application Window 命令，下面一段子程序就是在主表单中选择“河流基本情况”菜单项以后，生成子表单窗口riverform，并在该窗口中显示上海市水系图：
Procedure Tshmain.river1Click(Sender:TObject);
Var
MsgString:String;
sWinHand:String;
begin
with Triverform.create(self)do
begin
Str(riverMaper.Handle.sWinHand);
MsgString:=’Set Nextdo
cument Parent’+sWinHand+’Style]’;
Shmap.Do(MsgString);
MsgString:=’Set Application Windows’+sWinHand;
shmap.Do(MsgString);
shmap.do(‘open table’’d:/ww/sh/sh_river”’);
shamp.do(‘map from sh_river max’);
end;
end;
与传统的信息管理系统相比，该系统不经具有Windows 95环境下良好的丰富的界面形式，而且在检索功能上有很大改进，提供了除标准SQL查询之外的图形方式查询，包括点击查询、任意区域查询（如任意多边形）、特定区域查询（如某县某镇）等。图1市该系统的界面，以及在水系图上用鼠标进行点击查询的结果显示。
四、结论
随着地理信息系统（GIS）应用领域的不断扩展，应用型GIS的开发工作日显重要。在GIS应用开发的三种方式（独立开发、单纯二次开发与集成二次开发）中，集成二次开发集中了可视化软件开发工具与地理信息系统工具软件之优点，正成为应用GIS开发的主流方向，而Delphi与Mapinfo则是进行集成二次开发的出色组合。
（下面是用金山快译翻的，供参考）
The Delphi gathers with Mapinfo development application GIS system
King text 龚静怡
A,Say all
In now this calculator ages, big and part of informations management work all part ofly or all was supported by calculator, but in every kind of calculator management information system, the fast fierce development of the geography information system( GIS) is particularly for arrestive.The GIS is a main differentiation that geography to base on the calculator technique reason information collects to save the 贮 handles with analysis system, its core is" the map learn the + the calculator sketch learns+ the database", manage with general tube the information system to consist in, it has the very strong analysis, handles to the space geography data, search etc. function.It appears with the new technical image in research in a kind of geography of, but because of all involving the geography space information in many informations manage work, such as:The customer distributes, the road takes care of the layout etc. of the net, the applied realm of the for this reason GIS expands continuously, already far far outrun the geographical category.
The geography information system can is divided into according to its contents two big and basic type:While ising an applied type geography information system, with some a profession, realm or work for main contents, include the special subject geography information system to synthesize the geography information system with the district;Two is a tool type geography information system, is also a GIS tool software package, such as ARC/ INFO, have the space data input,s save the 贮 , handles, analysis with output to wait the basic function in GIS.Expand along with the geography information system application realm, apply the work day of development of the type GIS show the importance.How to aim at the different and applied target, develop efficiently since conform to the demand to have the convenience again beautiful abundant of the applied geography information system of the interface form, is a problem that the developer of GIS take to heart.
Two, apply the GIS development three kinds of to realize way
In applied development in GIS, can adopt three kinds of realize way:
1.Independence development
Point todo
not depend on any GIS tool software, collect, edit from the space data the data handles analysis and results output, all calculate ways all be designed by developer independence, then
choose to use a certain etc. procedure the design the language, such as C++, etc. of PASCAL, weave on the certain operate system terrace the distance realizes.The advantage of this kind of way consist in needing not counting on any business GIS tool software, reduced the cost of development, but on the other hand for majority developer to restrict that say, the ability, time, financial power makes its product that development come out very difficult to compare with commercial GIS tool software on the function, and reduce to may still arrive in GIS tool software that purchase the money not up the process of developer at develop price engages in mental drudgery a flower.
2, pure develop two times
Point completely the GIS tool software of asking for help from the development language provides to proceed the applied system development.The GIS tool software provides to can be provided as customer to proceed mostly the great language that develop two times, such as:The Avenue of the environment system graduate school of the United States( ESRI) development provided the language of Avenue, the MapInfo the MapInfo company of the United States researched to manufacture to provide the language of MapBasic, etc..The customer can make use of these great languageses, regarding original GIS tool software as to develop the terrace, developping an applied procedure for aiming at ownly together applied object, this kind of way saves time the province heart, but proceed two times the great language that develop, conduct and actions plait distance language all can be regarded as second-grade, develop the still not exhausted person's idea in applied procedure with them.
3, gather develop two times
Gather develop two times is a basic function to point exploitation tool software( such as ArcView, etc. of MapInfo) realizes GIS, with in general use software development tool particularly is to see to turn to develop the tool( such as Delphi/ Visual C++, Visual Basic, Power Builder etc.) for develop the terrace, proceed two of gather development.
Gather develop two times to have two kinds of methods primarily now:An is to adopt the OLE Automation( object conjunction 嵌 into automate) technique or make use of the DDE( the dynamic data exchanges) technique, use the software development tool development stage can carry out the applied procedure, automating with the OLE way or the method of DDEs start the GIS tool software to circulate in the backstage, realizing to apply the geography in the procedure information system function;Two is make use of what GIS tool software produce the factory house offering, establish in OCX technique the GIS on the foundation function module, such as the company of ESRI MabObjects, the company of MapInfo etc. of MapX, in the Visual C++ etc. wove the applied procedure of the distance tool establishment, direct GIS function 嵌 into among them, realize every kind of function of the geography information system.
Gather develop two times since can make use of well to can see to turn the software development tool efficiently, convenient plait distance function, can make use of well again the geography information system tool software, complete space data can see to turn the analysis handles function, gather two it bureau chief, can not only increases consumedly the efficiency of development that apply the system, but also the usage can see to turn the applied procedure that development come out of tool of development of software has the better external appearance result, more mighty database function, and the dependable is good, apt to transplant, easy to maintenance.Particularly is to use the technique of OCX make use of the GIS function module proceeds to gather development, can also express a these advantageses.
Because of above advantage, gather develop two times the main current direction that become the applied GIS the development.This kind of method unique weakness is an ex- period devotion bigger, need to purchase the GIS tool software at the same time with can see to turn to weave the distance software, but" the work wants well its business, necessarily and first its machine in benefit", this kind of investment deserves.
Three, the Delphi gathers with MapInfo development
Gather develop the work two times to choose the good development the software first, the one of the most important fulfillment standards is to codes with support the cost want to be low.Delphig and the MapInfo is to cans be very good to satisfy a rightness of outstanding combinationses of this standard.
The company of Borland Delphi 3.0 is a now in the world one of the most outstanding Windows development tools, its can see to turn to develop the environment, can let customer developped 32 of Windowses the applied procedure very efficiently, it provided a the whole set establishes the high performance database management the application the tool of the procedure, its advanced database function, have apply the developer of GIS to say too is very much the attraction.
The MapInfo Professional of the MapInfo company of the United States 4.1, then
an excellent table's top map information system tool software, it have the mighty function in the aspects of collect,s save the 贮 , handles to the space data that have the geography space characteristic, analysis with outputting to wait.And, that system provided the development language MapBasic, canning be provided as developer to proceed to develop two times directly and in order to.But conduct and actions software development the language comes to says, its two times the function that developdo
notdo
person's idea, in the aspects of interface designing, database management etc. all far far inferior to is this type of to see to turn in the Delphi software development tool.Therefore, for apply the geography information system developer to say, if can nicely will two the knot puts together, then
since can increases consumedly the efficiency of development, again from the perfect system in aspect in external appearance, function, flat-out etc. function.
Proceed the Delphi gather with MapInfo development, can be used as the Delphi to OLE automation of control the customer between square or DDE, place the MapInfo to circulate in the backstage.But best adoption OLE automation method, because this kind of way ratio DDE method sooner, more dependable, and can acquire the more coming amiss the information in adjust try movement.The automation of OLE is server that the technique that the procedure of Windows manipulates mutually, the standard automation in OLE2.0 in complete support in Delphi operates, can create to set up to automate customer's procedure to manipulate the other procedure, but the Mapinfo then
can be used as the object of OLE, and provided a set of methods of the cowgirl.
The Delphi creates to sets up the customer the automation procedure is to passes to establish an OLE object to realize of, to create to set up the object of OLE, need to adjust to use the Create OLE Object function( define in the unit of OLE Auto), and changes a Variant type to returns the result 赋 the deal, the hereafter procedure is to passes this change the deal come to visit to ask the object of OLE.Take" the sea wall of Shanghai City defend 汛 rob 险 information system" of development as an example, this is a many texts file interface( MDI) to apply the procedure, in its main form and list procedure, the like and next sub- procedure creates to set up a the object of OLE of Mapinfo in order to
Shmap:
Procedure Thsmain.FormCreate(Sender:Tobject);
begin
Shmap:= createoleobject;( ‘ mapinfo.application')
end;
The Mapinfo the object of OLE creates to set up after completing, for canning be native in the applied procedure in Delphi lieutenant general Mapinfo function to turn, and also is to creates the Delphi to the sub- form and list window way that set up to regard as the Mapinfo window way use, for example show the water department diagram of Shanghai City in sub- form and list front-panel in the riverform lastly, manifestation Shanghai City water department diagram, need Set Nextdo
cument that use Mapinfo with Set Application Window orderany, underneath a sub- procedure is in the main form and list won election chose" basic circumstance in river" menu item hereafter, born sub- form and list window way riverform, and in that window way:
Procedure Tshmain.river1Click(Sender:TObject);
Var
MsgString:String;
sWinHand:String;
begin
with Triverform.create(self)do
begin
Str(riverMaper.Handle.sWinHand);
MsgString:=' Set Nextdo
cument Parent'+ sWinHand+' Style]';
Shmap.Do(MsgString);
MsgString:=' Set Application Windows'+ sWinHand;
shmap.Do(MsgString);
Shmap.do;( ‘ open table'' d:/ ww/ sh/ sh_river"')
Shamp.do;( ‘ map from sh_river max')
end;
end;
Compare with the traditional information management system, that system is not through have the Windows 95 the interface form of next good plentifulness in environments, and have the very big improvement on the inspectional function, provide to divided by the standard SQL sketch out of the search method search, including to click the search, arbitrarily district search( such as arbitrarily polygon), particular district search( such as some town in some county) etc..Figure 1 the interface of municipal that system, and use on the water department diagram the rat mark proceed to click the search of result manifestation.
Four, conclusion
Apply the realm along with the geography information system( GIS) to expand continuously, apply the work day of development of the type GIS show the importance.In applied development in GIS three kinds of methods( independence development, the simplicity develops two times with gather develop two times), gather developped concentration two times to can see to turn the software development tool and the advantage of the geography information system tool software, the main current direction that become the applied GIS the development, but the Delphi proceed to gather with Mapinfo then
two times the outstanding combination that develop.
原文：
Delphi 与Mapinfo集成开发应用GIS系统
王文 龚静怡
一、 概述
在当今这个计算机时代，大部分的的信息管理工作都部分或全部由计算机支持，而在各种计算机管理信息系统中，地理信息系统（GIS）的迅猛发展尤为引人注目。GIS是基于计算机技术的地理理信息采集存贮与分析处理系统，其核心是“地图学+计算机图形学+数据库”，与一般管管理信息系统之主要区别在于，它对空间地理数据具有很强的分析、处理、查询等功能。它是以一种地理学研究新技术的形象出现的，但由于在许多信息管理工作中都涉及到地理空间信息，如：客户的分布、道路管网的布局等等，因此GIS的应用领域不断扩展，已远远超出地理学的范畴。
地理信息系统根据其内容可分为二大基本类型：一是应用型地理信息系统，以某一专业、领域或工作为主要内容，包括专题地理信息系统和区域综合地理信息系统；二是工具型地理信息系统，也就是GIS工具软件包，如ARC/INFO，具有空间数据输入、存贮、处理、分析和输出等GIS基本功能。随着地理信息系统应用领域的扩展，应用型GIS的开发工作日显重要。如何针对不同的应用目标，高效地开发出既合乎需要又具有方便美观丰富的界面形式的应用地理信息系统，是GIS开发者非常关心的问题。
二、应用GIS开发的三种实现方式
在GIS应用开发中，可以采用三种实现方式：
1． 独立开发
指不依赖任何GIS工具软件，从空间数据的采集、编辑到数据的处理分析及结果输出，所有的算法都由开发者独立设计，然后选用某种等程序设计语言，如C++、PASCAL等，在一定的操作系统平台上编程实现。这种方式的好处在于无须依赖任何商业GIS工具软件，减少了开发成本，但一方面对于大多数开发者来说，能力、时间、财力方面的限制使其开发出来的产品很难在功能上与商业化GIS 工具软件相比，而且在购买GIS工具软件上省下的钱可能还抵不上开发者在开发过程绞尽脑汁所花的代价。
2、单纯二次开发
指完全借助于GIS工具软件提供的开发语言进行应用系统开发。GIS工具软件大多提供了可供用户进行二次开发的宏语言，如：美国环境系统研究所（ESRI）开发的Avenue提供了Avenue语言，美国MapInfo公司研制的MapInfo提供了MapBasic语言，等等。用户可以利用这些宏语言，以原GIS工具软件为开发平台,开发出自己的针对同应用对象的应用程序，这种方式省时省心，但进行二次开发的宏语言，作为编程语言都只能算是二流，用它们来开发应用程序仍不尽人意。
3、集成二次开发
集成二次开发是指利用工具软件（如ArcView,MapInfo等）实现GIS的基本功能，以通用软件开发工具尤其是可视化开发工具（如Delphi/Visual C++、Visual Basic、Power Builder等）为开发平台，进行二者的集成开发。
集成二次开发目前主要有二种方式：一是采用OLE Automation（对象连接嵌入自动化）技术或利用DDE（动态数据交换）技术，用软件开发工具开发前台可执行应用程序，以OLE自动化方式或DDE方式启动GIS工具软件在后台运行，实现应用程序中的地理信息系统功能；二是利用GIS工具软件生产厂家提供的，建立在OCX技术基础上的GIS功能组件，如ESRI公司的MabObjects 、MapInfo公司的MapX等,在Visual C++等编程工具编制的应用程序中，直接将GIS功能嵌入其中，实现地理信息系统的各种功能。
集成二次开发既可以充分利用可视化软件开发工具的高效、方便的编程功能，又可以充分利用地理信息系统工具软件、完备的空间数据可视化分析处理功能，集二者之所长，不仅能大大提高应用系统的开发效率，而且使用可视化软件开发工具开发出来的应用程序具有更好的外观效果，更强大的数据库功能，且可靠性好、易于移植、便于维护。尤其是使用OCX技术利用GIS功能组件进行集成开发，更能表现出这些优势。
由于上述优点，集成二次开发正成为应用GIS开发的主流方向。这种方法唯一的缺点是前期投入比较大，需要同时购买GIS工具软件和可视化编程软件，但“工欲善其事，必先利其器”，这种投资值得。
三、Delphi与MapInfo的集成开发
集成二次开发工作首先要选好开发软件，最重要的实践标准之一是编码和维护成本要低。Delphig与MapInfo是能很好满足这一标准的一对出色组合。
Borland公司的Delphi 3.0是当今世界上最出色的Windows开发工具之一，其可视化开发环境，让用户能非常高效地开发出32位的Windows应用程序，它提供了一整套建立高性能数据库管理应用程序的工具，其先进的数据库性能，对于应用GIS开发者来说也是极具吸引力。
美国MapInfo公司的MapInfo Professional 4.1，则是一个优秀的桌面地图信息系统工具软件，它在对具有地理空间特征的空间数据的采集、存贮、处理、分析和输出等方面具有强大的功能。并且，该系统提供了开发语言MapBasic，可供开发者直接用以进行二次开发。但作为软件开发语言来说，其二次开发的功能不尽人意，在界面设计、数据库管理等方面都远远逊色于Delphi这类可视化软件开发工具。因此，对于应用地理信息系统开发者来说，若能很好地将二者结合起来，则既能大大提高开发效率，又能从外观、功能、速度等方面完善系统功能。
进行Delphi与MapInfo的集成开发时，可以将Delphi作为OLE自动化的控制方或DDE的客户，把MapInfo置于后台运行。但最好采用OLE自动化方式，因为这种方式比DDE方式更快、更可靠，并且在调试运行中可以获得更多出错信息。OLE自动化是Windows程序相互操纵的技术，Delphi完全支持OLE2.0标准的自动化操作，可以创建自动化客户程序来操纵其它程序，而Mapinfo则可作为OLE对象的服务器，并提供了相应的一套方法。
Delphi创建客户自动化程序是通过建立一个OLE对象来实现的，要创建OLE对象，需调用Create OLE Object函数（在OLE Auto单元中定义），并且把返回结果赋给一个Variant类型的变量，以后程序就是通过这个变量来访问OLE对象的。以“上海市海塘防汛抢险信息系统”的开发为例，这是一个多文档界面（MDI）应用程序，在其主表单程序中，有如下子程序用以创建一个Mapinfo的OLE对象
Shmap:
Procedure Thsmain.FormCreate(Sender:Tobject);
begin
Shmap:=createoleobject(‘mapinfo.application’);
end;
Mapinfo的OLE对象创建完成之后，为了能在Delphi应用程序中将Mapinfo功能本地化，也就是将Delphi创建的子表单窗口当作Mapinfo的窗口使用，例如在子表单riverform中的面板上，显示上海市水系图，需要使用Mapinfo的Set Nextdo
cument 和Set Application Window 命令，下面一段子程序就是在主表单中选择“河流基本情况”菜单项以后，生成子表单窗口riverform，并在该窗口中显示上海市水系图：
Procedure Tshmain.river1Click(Sender:TObject);
Var
MsgString:String;
sWinHand:String;
begin
with Triverform.create(self)do
begin
Str(riverMaper.Handle.sWinHand);
MsgString:=’Set Nextdo
cument Parent’+sWinHand+’Style]’;
Shmap.Do(MsgString);
MsgString:=’Set Application Windows’+sWinHand;
shmap.Do(MsgString);
shmap.do(‘open table’’d:/ww/sh/sh_river”’);
shamp.do(‘map from sh_river max’);
end;
end;
与传统的信息管理系统相比，该系统不经具有Windows 95环境下良好的丰富的界面形式，而且在检索功能上有很大改进，提供了除标准SQL查询之外的图形方式查询，包括点击查询、任意区域查询（如任意多边形）、特定区域查询（如某县某镇）等。图1市该系统的界面，以及在水系图上用鼠标进行点击查询的结果显示。
四、结论
随着地理信息系统（GIS）应用领域的不断扩展，应用型GIS的开发工作日显重要。在GIS应用开发的三种方式（独立开发、单纯二次开发与集成二次开发）中，集成二次开发集中了可视化软件开发工具与地理信息系统工具软件之优点，正成为应用GIS开发的主流方向，而Delphi与Mapinfo则是进行集成二次开发的出色组合。
（下面是用金山快译翻的，供参考）
The Delphi gathers with Mapinfo development application GIS system
King text 龚静怡
A,Say all
In now this calculator ages, big and part of informations management work all part ofly or all was supported by calculator, but in every kind of calculator management information system, the fast fierce development of the geography information system( GIS) is particularly for arrestive.The GIS is a main differentiation that geography to base on the calculator technique reason information collects to save the 贮 handles with analysis system, its core is" the map learn the + the calculator sketch learns+ the database", manage with general tube the information system to consist in, it has the very strong analysis, handles to the space geography data, search etc. function.It appears with the new technical image in research in a kind of geography of, but because of all involving the geography space information in many informations manage work, such as:The customer distributes, the road takes care of the layout etc. of the net, the applied realm of the for this reason GIS expands continuously, already far far outrun the geographical category.
The geography information system can is divided into according to its contents two big and basic type:While ising an applied type geography information system, with some a profession, realm or work for main contents, include the special subject geography information system to synthesize the geography information system with the district;Two is a tool type geography information system, is also a GIS tool software package, such as ARC/ INFO, have the space data input,s save the 贮 , handles, analysis with output to wait the basic function in GIS.Expand along with the geography information system application realm, apply the work day of development of the type GIS show the importance.How to aim at the different and applied target, develop efficiently since conform to the demand to have the convenience again beautiful abundant of the applied geography information system of the interface form, is a problem that the developer of GIS take to heart.
Two, apply the GIS development three kinds of to realize way
In applied development in GIS, can adopt three kinds of realize way:
1.Independence development
Point todo
not depend on any GIS tool software, collect, edit from the space data the data handles analysis and results output, all calculate ways all be designed by developer independence, then
choose to use a certain etc. procedure the design the language, such as C++, etc. of PASCAL, weave on the certain operate system terrace the distance realizes.The advantage of this kind of way consist in needing not counting on any business GIS tool software, reduced the cost of development, but on the other hand for majority developer to restrict that say, the ability, time, financial power makes its product that development come out very difficult to compare with commercial GIS tool software on the function, and reduce to may still arrive in GIS tool software that purchase the money not up the process of developer at develop price engages in mental drudgery a flower.
2, pure develop two times
Point completely the GIS tool software of asking for help from the development language provides to proceed the applied system development.The GIS tool software provides to can be provided as customer to proceed mostly the great language that develop two times, such as:The Avenue of the environment system graduate school of the United States( ESRI) development provided the language of Avenue, the MapInfo the MapInfo company of the United States researched to manufacture to provide the language of MapBasic, etc..The customer can make use of these great languageses, regarding original GIS tool software as to develop the terrace, developping an applied procedure for aiming at ownly together applied object, this kind of way saves time the province heart, but proceed two times the great language that develop, conduct and actions plait distance language all can be regarded as second-grade, develop the still not exhausted person's idea in applied procedure with them.
3, gather develop two times
Gather develop two times is a basic function to point exploitation tool software( such as ArcView, etc. of MapInfo) realizes GIS, with in general use software development tool particularly is to see to turn to develop the tool( such as Delphi/ Visual C++, Visual Basic, Power Builder etc.) for develop the terrace, proceed two of gather development.
Gather develop two times to have two kinds of methods primarily now:An is to adopt the OLE Automation( object conjunction 嵌 into automate) technique or make use of the DDE( the dynamic data exchanges) technique, use the software development tool development stage can carry out the applied procedure, automating with the OLE way or the method of DDEs start the GIS tool software to circulate in the backstage, realizing to apply the geography in the procedure information system function;Two is make use of what GIS tool software produce the factory house offering, establish in OCX technique the GIS on the foundation function module, such as the company of ESRI MabObjects, the company of MapInfo etc. of MapX, in the Visual C++ etc. wove the applied procedure of the distance tool establishment, direct GIS function 嵌 into among them, realize every kind of function of the geography information system.
Gather develop two times since can make use of well to can see to turn the software development tool efficiently, convenient plait distance function, can make use of well again the geography information system tool software, complete space data can see to turn the analysis handles function, gather two it bureau chief, can not only increases consumedly the efficiency of development that apply the system, but also the usage can see to turn the applied procedure that development come out of tool of development of software has the better external appearance result, more mighty database function, and the dependable is good, apt to transplant, easy to maintenance.Particularly is to use the technique of OCX make use of the GIS function module proceeds to gather development, can also express a these advantageses.
Because of above advantage, gather develop two times the main current direction that become the applied GIS the development.This kind of method unique weakness is an ex- period devotion bigger, need to purchase the GIS tool software at the same time with can see to turn to weave the distance software, but" the work wants well its business, necessarily and first its machine in benefit", this kind of investment deserves.
Three, the Delphi gathers with MapInfo development
Gather develop the work two times to choose the good development the software first, the one of the most important fulfillment standards is to codes with support the cost want to be low.Delphig and the MapInfo is to cans be very good to satisfy a rightness of outstanding combinationses of this standard.
The company of Borland Delphi 3.0 is a now in the world one of the most outstanding Windows development tools, its can see to turn to develop the environment, can let customer developped 32 of Windowses the applied procedure very efficiently, it provided a the whole set establishes the high performance database management the application the tool of the procedure, its advanced database function, have apply the developer of GIS to say too is very much the attraction.
The MapInfo Professional of the MapInfo company of the United States 4.1, then
an excellent table's top map information system tool software, it have the mighty function in the aspects of collect,s save the 贮 , handles to the space data that have the geography space characteristic, analysis with outputting to wait.And, that system provided the development language MapBasic, canning be provided as developer to proceed to develop two times directly and in order to.But conduct and actions software development the language comes to says, its two times the function that developdo
notdo
person's idea, in the aspects of interface designing, database management etc. all far far inferior to is this type of to see to turn in the Delphi software development tool.Therefore, for apply the geography information system developer to say, if can nicely will two the knot puts together, then
since can increases consumedly the efficiency of development, again from the perfect system in aspect in external appearance, function, flat-out etc. function.
Proceed the Delphi gather with MapInfo development, can be used as the Delphi to OLE automation of control the customer between square or DDE, place the MapInfo to circulate in the backstage.But best adoption OLE automation method, because this kind of way ratio DDE method sooner, more dependable, and can acquire the more coming amiss the information in adjust try movement.The automation of OLE is server that the technique that the procedure of Windows manipulates mutually, the standard automation in OLE2.0 in complete support in Delphi operates, can create to set up to automate customer's procedure to manipulate the other procedure, but the Mapinfo then
can be used as the object of OLE, and provided a set of methods of the cowgirl.
The Delphi creates to sets up the customer the automation procedure is to passes to establish an OLE object to realize of, to create to set up the object of OLE, need to adjust to use the Create OLE Object function( define in the unit of OLE Auto), and changes a Variant type to returns the result 赋 the deal, the hereafter procedure is to passes this change the deal come to visit to ask the object of OLE.Take" the sea wall of Shanghai City defend 汛 rob 险 information system" of development as an example, this is a many texts file interface( MDI) to apply the procedure, in its main form and list procedure, the like and next sub- procedure creates to set up a the object of OLE of Mapinfo in order to
Shmap:
Procedure Thsmain.FormCreate(Sender:Tobject);
begin
Shmap:= createoleobject;( ‘ mapinfo.application')
end;
The Mapinfo the object of OLE creates to set up after completing, for canning be native in the applied procedure in Delphi lieutenant general Mapinfo function to turn, and also is to creates the Delphi to the sub- form and list window way that set up to regard as the Mapinfo window way use, for example show the water department diagram of Shanghai City in sub- form and list front-panel in the riverform lastly, manifestation Shanghai City water department diagram, need Set Nextdo
cument that use Mapinfo with Set Application Window orderany, underneath a sub- procedure is in the main form and list won election chose" basic circumstance in river" menu item hereafter, born sub- form and list window way riverform, and in that window way:
Procedure Tshmain.river1Click(Sender:TObject);
Var
MsgString:String;
sWinHand:String;
begin
with Triverform.create(self)do
begin
Str(riverMaper.Handle.sWinHand);
MsgString:=' Set Nextdo
cument Parent'+ sWinHand+' Style]';
Shmap.Do(MsgString);
MsgString:=' Set Application Windows'+ sWinHand;
shmap.Do(MsgString);
Shmap.do;( ‘ open table'' d:/ ww/ sh/ sh_river"')
Shamp.do;( ‘ map from sh_river max')
end;
end;
Compare with the traditional information management system, that system is not through have the Windows 95 the interface form of next good plentifulness in environments, and have the very big improvement on the inspectional function, provide to divided by the standard SQL sketch out of the search method search, including to click the search, arbitrarily district search( such as arbitrarily polygon), particular district search( such as some town in some county) etc..Figure 1 the interface of municipal that system, and use on the water department diagram the rat mark proceed to click the search of result manifestation.
Four, conclusion
Apply the realm along with the geography information system( GIS) to expand continuously, apply the work day of development of the type GIS show the importance.In applied development in GIS three kinds of methods( independence development, the simplicity develops two times with gather develop two times), gather developped concentration two times to can see to turn the software development tool and the advantage of the geography information system tool software, the main current direction that become the applied GIS the development, but the Delphi proceed to gather with Mapinfo then
two times the outstanding combination that develop.
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