广播(100分)

在delphi中如何实现局域网的广播。用哪个控件。

setsockopt

The Windows Sockets setsockopt function sets a socket option.

int setsockopt (

SOCKET s,
int level,
int optname,
const char FAR * optval,
int optlen
);


Parameters

s

[in] A descriptor identifying a socket.

level

[in] The level at which the option is defined; the supported levels include SOL_SOCKET and IPPROTO_TCP. (See annex for more protocol-specific levels.)

optname

[in] The socket option for which the value is to be set.

optval

[in] A pointer to the buffer in which the value for the requested option is supplied.

optlen

[in] The size of the optval buffer.



Remarks

setsockopt sets the current value for a socket option associated with a socket of any type, in any state. Although options can exist at multiple protocol levels, they are always present at the uppermost "socket'' level. Options affect socket operations, such as whether expedited data is received in the normal data stream, whether broadcast messages can be sent on the socket.
There are two types of socket options: Boolean options that enable or disable a feature or behavior, and options which require an integer value or structure. To enable a Boolean option, optval points to a nonzero integer. To disable the option optval points to an integer equal to zero. optlen should be equal to sizeof(int) for Boolean options. For other options, optval points to the an integer or structure that contains the desired value for the option, and optlen is the length of the integer or structure.

The following options are supported for setsockopt. The Type identifies the type of data addressed by optval.
level = SOL_SOCKET

Value Type Meaning
SO_BROADCAST BOOL Allow transmission of broadcast messages on the socket.
SO_DEBUG BOOL Record debugging information.
SO_DONTLINGER BOOL Do not block close waiting for unsent data to be sent. Setting this option is equivalent to setting SO_LINGER with l_onoff set to zero.
SO_DONTROUTE BOOL Do not route: send directly to interface.
SO_GROUP_PRIORITY int Specify the relative priority to be established for sockets that are part of a socket group.
SO_KEEPALIVE BOOL Send keepalives
SO_LINGER struct linger Linger on close if unsent data is present
SO_OOBINLINE BOOL Receive out-of-band data in the normal data stream. (See section Out-Of-Band data for a discussion of this topic.)
SO_RCVBUF int Specify buffer size for receives
SO_REUSEADDR BOOL Allow the socket to be bound to an address which is already in use. (See bind.)
SO_SNDBUF int Specify buffer size for sends.
PVD_CONFIG Service Provider Dependent This object stores the configuration information for the service provider associated with socket s. The exact format of this data structure is service provider specific.


level = IPPROTO_TCP1

TCP_NODELAY BOOL Disables the Nagle algorithm for send coalescing.
1 included for backward compatibility with Windows Sockets 1.1


BSD options not supported for setsockopt are:

Value Type Meaning
SO_ACCEPTCONN BOOL Socket is listening
SO_RCVLOWAT int Receive low water mark
SO_RCVTIMEO int Receive time-out
SO_SNDLOWAT int Send low water mark
SO_SNDTIMEO int Send time-out
SO_TYPE int Type of the socket


SO_DEBUG

Windows Sockets service providers are encouraged (but not required) to supply output debug information if the SO_DEBUG option is set by an application. The mechanism for generating the debug information and the form it takes are beyond the scope of this specification.

SO_GROUP_PRIORITY

Group priority indicates the relative priority of the specified socket relative to other sockets within the socket group. Values are non-negative integers, with zero corresponding to the highest priority. Priority values represent a hint to the underlying service provider about how potentially scarce resources should be allocated. For example, whenever two or more sockets are both ready to transmit data, the highest priority socket (lowest value for SO_GROUP_PRIORITY) should be serviced first, with the remainder serviced in turn according to their relative priorities.

The WSAENOPROTOOPT error is indicated for nongroup sockets or for service providers which do not support group sockets.

SO_KEEPALIVE

An application can request that a TCP/IP provider enable the use of "keep-alive" packets on TCP connections by turning on the SO_KEEPALIVE socket option. A Windows Sockets provider need not support the use of keep-alives: if it does, the precise semantics are implementation-specific but should conform to section 4.2.3.6 of RFC 1122: Requirements for Internet Hosts ?Communication Layers. If a connection is dropped as the result of "keep-alives" the error code WSAENETRESET is returned to any calls in progress on the socket, and any subsequent calls will fail with WSAENOTCONN.

SO_LINGER

SO_LINGER controls the action taken when unsent data is queued on a socket and a closesocket is performed. See closesocket for a description of the way in which the SO_LINGER settings affect the semantics of closesocket. The application sets the desired behavior by creating a struct linger (pointed to by the optval argument) with the following elements:

struct linger {
u_short l_onoff;
u_short l_linger;
}


To enable SO_LINGER, the application should set l_onoff to a nonzero value, set l_linger to zero or the desired time-out (in seconds), and call setsockopt. To enable SO_DONTLINGER (that is, disable SO_LINGER) l_onoff should be set to zero and setsockopt should be called. Note that enabling SO_LINGER with a nonzero time-out on a nonblocking socket is not recommended.
Enabling SO_LINGER also disables SO_DONTLINGER, and vice versa. Note that if SO_DONTLINGER is DISABLED (that is, SO_LINGER is ENABLED) then no time-out value is specified. In this case, the time-out used is implementation dependent. If a previous time-out has been established for a socket (by enabling SO_LINGER), then this time-out value should be reinstated by the service provider.

SO_REUSEADDR

By default, a socket cannot be bound (see bind) to a local address which is already in use. On occasion, however, it may be necessary to "re-use" an address in this way. Since every connection is uniquely identified by the combination of local and remote addresses, there is no problem with having two sockets bound to the same local address as long as the remote addresses are different. To inform the Windows Sockets provider that a bind on a socket should not be disallowed because the desired address is already in use by another socket, the application should set the SO_REUSEADDR socket option for the socket before issuing the bind. Note that the option is interpreted only at the time of the bind: it is therefore unnecessary (but harmless) to set the option on a socket which is not to be bound to an existing address, and setting or resetting the option after the bind has no effect on this or any other socket.

SO_RCVBUF
SO_SNDBUF

When a Windows Sockets implementation supports the SO_RCVBUF and SO_SNDBUF options, an application can request different buffer sizes (larger or smaller). The call to setsockopt can succeed, although the implementation did not provide the whole amount requested. An application must call getsockopt with the same option to check the buffer size actually provided.

PVD_CONFIG

This object stores the configuration information for the service provider associated with socket s. The exact format of this data structure is service provider specific.

TCP_NODELAY

The TCP_NODELAY option is specific to TCP/IP service providers. Enabling the TCP_NODELAY option disables the TCP Nagle Algorithm (and vice versa). The Nagle algorithm (described in RFC 896) is very effective in reducing the number of small packets sent by a host by essentially buffering send data if there is unacknowledged data already "in flight" or until a full-size packet can be sent. It is highly recommended that TCP/IP service providers enable the Nagle Algorithm by default, and for the vast majority of application protocols the Nagle Algorithm can deliver significant performance enhancements. However, for some applications this algorithm can impede performance, and TCP_NODELAY can be used to turn it off. These are applications where many small messages are sent, which need to be received by the peer with the time delays between the messages maintained. Application writers should not set TCP_NODELAY unless the impact of doing so is well-understood and desired, since setting TCP_NODELAY can have a significant negative impact of network and application performance.



Return Values

If no error occurs, setsockopt returns zero. Otherwise, a value of SOCKET_ERROR is returned, and a specific error code can be retrieved by calling WSAGetLastError.

Error Codes

WSANOTINITIALISED A successful WSAStartup must occur before using this function.
WSAENETDOWN The network subsystem has failed.
WSAEFAULT optval is not in a valid part of the process address space or optlen argument is too small.
WSAEINPROGRESS A blocking Windows Sockets 1.1 call is in progress, or the service provider is still processing a callback function.
WSAEINVAL level is not valid, or the information in optval is not valid.
WSAENETRESET Connection has timed out when SO_KEEPALIVE is set.
WSAENOPROTOOPT The option is unknown or unsupported for the specified provider.
WSAENOTCONN Connection has been reset when SO_KEEPALIVE is set.
WSAENOTSOCK The descriptor is not a socket.


See Also

bind, getsockopt, ioctlsocket, socket, WSAAsyncSelect, WSAEventSelect

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老问题了，当然是UDP，UDP控件有很多，都可以。

其实不用控件都可以：

unit udp;

interface

uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, winsock,
StdCtrls;

const
WM_SOCK = WM_USER + 1; //自定义windows消息
UDPPORT = 6543; //设定UDP端口号
//INADDR_ALLHOSTS_GROUP = u_long($e0000001); //D类地址224.0.0.1


(*
* Argument structure for IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP and IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP.
* Delphi5自带的winsock.pas中没有ip_mreq的定义。
*)

{type
ip_mreq = record
imr_multiaddr: in_addr; (* IP multicast address of group *)
imr_interface: in_addr; (* local IP address of interface *)
end;}

type
Tfrmmain = class(TForm)
Button1: TButton;
Edit1: TEdit;
Memo1: TMemo;
Edit2: TEdit;
Label1: TLabel;
Label2: TLabel;
Label3: TLabel;
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction);
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
s: TSocket;
addr: TSockAddr;
FSockAddrIn : TSockAddrIn;
//mreq:ip_mreq;
//利用消息实时获知UDP消息
procedure ReadData(var Message: TMessage); message WM_SOCK;
public
{ Public declarations }
procedure SendData(Content: String);
end;

var
frmmain: Tfrmmain;

implementation

{$R *.DFM}

procedure Tfrmmain.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
TempWSAData: TWSAData;
optval: integer;
begin
// 初始化SOCKET
if WSAStartup($101, TempWSAData)=1 then
showmessage('StartUp Error!');

s := Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (s = INVALID_SOCKET) then //Socket创建失败
begin
showmessage(inttostr(WSAGetLastError())+' Socket创建失败');
CloseSocket(s);
//exit;
end;
//发送方SockAddr绑定
addr.sin_family := AF_INET;
addr.sin_addr.S_addr := INADDR_ANY;
addr.sin_port := htons(UDPPORT);
if Bind(s, addr, sizeof(addr)) <> 0 then
begin
showmessage('bind fail');
end;

optval:= 1;
if setsockopt(s,SOL_SOCKET,SO_BROADCAST,pchar(@optval),sizeof(optval)) = SOCKET_ERROR then
begin
showmessage('无法进行UDP广播');
end;

{mreq.imr_multiaddr.S_addr := INADDR_ALLHOSTS_GROUP;
mreq.imr_interface.S_addr := INADDR_ANY;
if setsockopt(s,IPPROTO_IP,IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,pchar(@mreq),sizeof(mreq)) = SOCKET_ERROR then
begin
showmessage('无法进行UDP组播');
end;}


WSAAsyncSelect(s, frmmain.Handle , WM_SOCK, FD_READ);
//接收端SockAddrIn设定
FSockAddrIn.SIn_Family := AF_INET;
FSockAddrIn.SIn_Port := htons(UDPPORT);

label3.Caption := '端口：'+inttostr(UDPPORT);
end;

procedure Tfrmmain.FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction);
begin
CloseSocket(s);
end;

procedure Tfrmmain.ReadData(var Message: TMessage);
var
buffer: Array [1..4096] of char;
len: integer;
flen: integer;
Event: word;
value: string;
begin
flen:=sizeof(FSockAddrIn);
FSockAddrIn.SIn_Port := htons(UDPPORT);
Event := WSAGetSelectEvent(Message.LParam);
if Event = FD_READ then
begin
len := recvfrom(s, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, FSockAddrIn, flen);
value := copy(buffer, 1, len);
Memo1.Lines.add(value)
end;
end;

procedure Tfrmmain.SendData(Content: String);
var
value{,hostname}: string;
len: integer;
begin
FSockAddrIn.SIn_Addr.S_addr := INADDR_BROADCAST;
//FSockAddrIn.SIn_Addr.S_addr := inet_addr(pchar(Edit1.text)); //INADDR_BROADCAST; //INADDR_BROADCAST = -1 ?
value := Content;
len := sendto(s, value[1], Length(value), 0, FSockAddrIn, sizeof(FSockAddrIn));
if (WSAGetLastError() <> WSAEWOULDBLOCK) and (WSAGetLastError() <> 0) then
showmessage(inttostr(WSAGetLastError()));
if len = SOCKET_ERROR then
showmessage('send fail');
if len <> Length(value) then
showmessage('Not Send all');
end;

procedure Tfrmmain.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
senddata(Edit2.text);
end;

end.

IP不是有个广播地址吗？谁用过，怎么用？

广播地址： 255
例如：
IP: 192.168.0.X
掩码: 255。255。255。0
则： 广播地址为- 192.168.0.255
另附一简单例子：
unit Unit1;

interface

uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs, StdCtrls, NMUDP;

type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
NMUDP1: TNMUDP;
Button1: TButton;
ListBox1: TListBox;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure NMUDP1DataReceived(Sender: TComponent; NumberBytes: Integer;
FromIP: String; Port: Integer);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;

var
Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
SndMsg: array[1..3] of char;
begin
try
SndMsg:='ok?';
NMUDP1.SendBuffer(SndMsg,length(SndMsg));
except
showmessage('Error')
end;
end;

procedure TForm1.NMUDP1DataReceived(Sender: TComponent;
NumberBytes: Integer; FromIP: String; Port: Integer);
var
RcvMsg: array[1..3] of char;
count:integer;
begin
if NumberBytes=3 then
begin
NMUDP1.ReadBuffer(RcvMsg,count);
listbox1.Items.Add('IP: '+FromIP);
listbox1.Items.Add('Port: '+inttostr(Port));
listbox1.Items.Add('Message: '+RcvMsg);
listbox1.Items.Add('--------------------------');
end
end;

end.

NMUDP1:
localport- 4545
remotehost- 192.168.0.255
remoteport- 4545