串口通讯可以引出kernel32.dll中的API来操作,相关源码如下:
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace Telehome.GSM
{
/// <summary>
/// ************************************************************************************
///
/// Function: 连接,断开串口;发送,接收串口数据,使用kernel32.dll中相关串口操作
/// 函数对COM口进行操作
///
/// Author: Telehome.Hzyong
///
/// DateTime: 2005-11-20
///
/// ************************************************************************************
/// </summary>
public class CommPort
{
/// <summary>
/// 端口名称(COM1,COM2...COM4...)
/// </summary>
public string PortNum;
/// <summary>
/// 波特率9600
/// </summary>
public int BaudRate;
/// <summary>
/// 数据位4-8
/// </summary>
public byte ByteSize;
/// <summary>
/// 奇偶校验0-4=no,odd,even,mark,space
/// </summary>
public byte Parity;
/// <summary>
/// 停止位
/// </summary>
public byte StopBits;
// 0,1,2 = 1, 1.5, 2
/// <summary>
/// 超时长
/// </summary>
public int ReadTimeout;
/// <summary>
/// COM口句柄
/// </summary>
private int hComm = -1;
/// <summary>
/// 串口是否已经打开
/// </summary>
public bool Opened = false;
/// <summary>
/// WINAPI常量,写标志
/// </summary>
private const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
/// <summary>
/// WINAPI常量,读标志
/// </summary>
private const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;
/// <summary>
/// WINAPI常量,打开已存在
/// </summary>
private const int OPEN_EXISTING = 3;
/// <summary>
/// WINAPI常量,无效句柄
/// </summary>
private const int INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = -1;
/// <summary>
/// 设备控制块结构体类型
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct DCB
{
/// <summary>
/// DCB长度
/// </summary>
public int DCBlength;
/// <summary>
/// 指定当前波特率
/// </summary>
public int BaudRate;
/// <summary>
/// 指定是否允许二进制模式
/// </summary>
public int fBinary;
/// <summary>
/// 指定是否允许奇偶校验
/// </summary>
public int fParity;
/// <summary>
/// 指定CTS是否用于检测发送控制，当为TRUE是CTS为OFF，发送将被挂起。
/// </summary>
public int fOutxCtsFlow;
/// <summary>
/// 指定CTS是否用于检测发送控制
/// </summary>
public int fOutxDsrFlow;
/// <summary>
/// DTR_CONTROL_DISABLE值将DTR置为OFF, DTR_CONTROL_ENABLE值将DTR置为ON, DTR_CONTROL_HANDSHAKE允许DTR"握手"
/// </summary>
public int fDtrControl;
/// <summary>
/// 当该值为TRUE时DSR为OFF时接收的字节被忽略
/// </summary>
public int fDsrSensitivity;
/// <summary>
/// 指定当接收缓冲区已满,并且驱动程序已经发送出XoffChar字符时发送是否停止。
/// TRUE时，在接收缓冲区接收到缓冲区已满的字节XoffLim且驱动程序已经发送出
/// XoffChar字符中止接收字节之后，发送继续进行。 FALSE时，在接收缓冲区接
/// 收到代表缓冲区已空的字节XonChar且驱动程序已经发送出恢复发送的XonChar之
/// 后，发送继续进行。XOFF continues Tx
/// </summary>
public int fTXContinueOnXoff;
/// <summary>
/// TRUE时，接收到XoffChar之后便停止发送接收到XonChar之后将重新开始 XON/XOFF
/// out flow control
/// </summary>
public int fOutX;
/// <summary>
/// TRUE时，接收缓冲区接收到代表缓冲区满的XoffLim之后，XoffChar发送出去接收
/// 缓冲区接收到代表缓冲区空的XonLim之后，XonChar发送出去 XON/XOFF in flow control
/// </summary>
public int fInX;
/// <summary>
/// 该值为TRUE且fParity为TRUE时，用ErrorChar 成员指定的字符代替奇偶校验错误
/// 的接收字符 enable error replacement
/// </summary>
public int fErrorChar;
/// <summary>
/// eTRUE时，接收时去掉空（0值）字节 enable null stripping
/// </summary>
public int fNull;
/// <summary>
/// RTS flow control RTS_CONTROL_DISABLE时,RTS置为OFF RTS_CONTROL_ENABLE时, RTS置为ON
/// RTS_CONTROL_HANDSHAKE时,当接收缓冲区小于半满时RTS为ON当接收缓冲区超过四分之
/// 三满时RTS为OFF RTS_CONTROL_TOGGLE时,当接收缓冲区仍有剩余字节时RTS为ON ,否则
/// 缺省为OFF
/// </summary>
public int fRtsControl;
/// <summary>
/// TRUE时,有错误发生时中止读和写操作 abort on error
/// </summary>
public int fAbortOnError;
/// <summary>
/// 未使用
/// </summary>
public int fDummy2;
/// <summary>
/// 标志位
/// </summary>
public uint flags;
/// <summary>
/// 未使用,必须为0
/// </summary>
public ushort wReserved;
/// <summary>
/// 指定在XON字符发送这前接收缓冲区中可允许的最小字节数
/// </summary>
public ushort XonLim;
/// <summary>
/// 指定在XOFF字符发送这前接收缓冲区中可允许的最小字节数
/// </summary>
public ushort XoffLim;
/// <summary>
/// 指定端口当前使用的数据位
/// </summary>
public byte ByteSize;
/// <summary>
/// 指定端口当前使用的奇偶校验方法,可能为:EVENPARITY,MARKPARITY,NOPARITY,ODDPARITY 0-4=no,odd,even,mark,space
/// </summary>
public byte Parity;
/// <summary>
/// 指定端口当前使用的停止位数,可能为:ONESTOPBIT,ONE5STOPBITS,TWOSTOPBITS 0,1,2 = 1, 1.5, 2
/// </summary>
public byte StopBits;
/// <summary>
/// 指定用于发送和接收字符XON的值 Tx and Rx XON character
/// </summary>
public char XonChar;
/// <summary>
/// 指定用于发送和接收字符XOFF值 Tx and Rx XOFF character
/// </summary>
public char XoffChar;
/// <summary>
/// 本字符用来代替接收到的奇偶校验发生错误时的值
/// </summary>
public char ErrorChar;
/// <summary>
/// 当没有使用二进制模式时,本字符可用来指示数据的结束
/// </summary>
public char EofChar;
/// <summary>
/// 当接收到此字符时,会产生一个事件
/// </summary>
public char EvtChar;
/// <summary>
/// 未使用
/// </summary>
public ushort wReserved1;
}
/// <summary>
/// 串口超时时间结构体类型
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct COMMTIMEOUTS
{
public int ReadIntervalTimeout;
public int ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier;
public int ReadTotalTimeoutConstant;
public int WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier;
public int WriteTotalTimeoutConstant;
}
/// <summary>
/// 湓出缓冲区结构体类型
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct OVERLAPPED
{
public int Internal;
public int InternalHigh;
public int Offset;
public int OffsetHigh;
public int hEvent;
}
/// <summary>
/// 打开串口
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lpFileName">要打开的串口名称</param>
/// <param name="dwDesiredAccess">指定串口的访问方式，一般设置为可读可写方式</param>
/// <param name="dwShareMode">指定串口的共享模式，串口不能共享，所以设置为0</param>
/// <param name="lpSecurityAttributes">设置串口的安全属性，WIN9X下不支持，应设为NULL</param>
/// <param name="dwCreationDisposition">对于串口通信，创建方式只能为OPEN_EXISTING</param>
/// <param name="dwFlagsAndAttributes">指定串口属性与标志，设置为FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED(重叠I/O操作)，指定串口以异步方式通信</param>
/// <param name="hTemplateFile">对于串口通信必须设置为NULL</param>
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern int CreateFile(string lpFileName, uint dwDesiredAccess, int dwShareMode,
int lpSecurityAttributes, int dwCreationDisposition, int dwFlagsAndAttributes, int hTemplateFile);
/// <summary>
/// 得到串口状态
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hFile">通信设备句柄</param>
/// <param name="lpDCB">设备控制块DCB</param>
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern bool GetCommState(int hFile, ref DCB lpDCB);
/// <summary>
/// 建立串口设备控制块
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lpDef">设备控制字符串</param>
/// <param name="lpDCB">设备控制块</param>
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern bool BuildCommDCB(string lpDef, ref DCB lpDCB);
/// <summary>
/// 设置串口状态
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hFile">通信设备句柄</param>
/// <param name="lpDCB">设备控制块</param>
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern bool SetCommState(int hFile, ref DCB lpDCB);
/// <summary>
/// 读取串口超时时间
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hFile">通信设备句柄</param>
/// <param name="lpCommTimeouts">超时时间</param>
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern bool GetCommTimeouts(int hFile, ref COMMTIMEOUTS lpCommTimeouts);
/// <summary>
/// 设置串口超时时间
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hFile">通信设备句柄</param>
/// <param name="lpCommTimeouts">超时时间</param>
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern bool SetCommTimeouts(int hFile, ref COMMTIMEOUTS lpCommTimeouts);
/// <summary>
/// 读取串口数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hFile">通信设备句柄</param>
/// <param name="lpBuffer">数据缓冲区</param>
/// <param name="nNumberOfBytesToRead">多少字节等待读取</param>
/// <param name="lpNumberOfBytesRead">读取多少字节</param>
/// <param name="lpOverlapped">溢出缓冲区</param>
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern bool ReadFile(int hFile, byte[] lpBuffer, int nNumberOfBytesToRead,
ref int lpNumberOfBytesRead, ref OVERLAPPED lpOverlapped);
/// <summary>
/// 写串口数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hFile">通信设备句柄</param>
/// <param name="lpBuffer">数据缓冲区</param>
/// <param name="nNumberOfBytesToWrite">多少字节等待写入</param>
/// <param name="lpNumberOfBytesWritten">已经写入多少字节</param>
/// <param name="lpOverlapped">溢出缓冲区</param>
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern bool WriteFile(int hFile, byte[] lpBuffer, int nNumberOfBytesToWrite,
ref int lpNumberOfBytesWritten, ref OVERLAPPED lpOverlapped);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
private static extern bool FlushFileBuffers(int hFile);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
private static extern bool PurgeComm(int hFile, uint dwFlags);
/// <summary>
/// 关闭串口
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hObject">通信设备句柄</param>
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern bool CloseHandle(int hObject);
/// <summary>
/// 得到串口最后一次返回的错误
/// </summary>
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern uint GetLastError();
/// <summary>
/// 建立与串口的连接
/// </summary>
public void Open()
{
DCB dcbCommPort = new DCB();
COMMTIMEOUTS ctoCommPort = new COMMTIMEOUTS();
// 打开串口
hComm = CreateFile(PortNum ,GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, 0, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0);
if(hComm == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
return;
}
// 设置通信超时时间
GetCommTimeouts(hComm, ref ctoCommPort);
ctoCommPort.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant = ReadTimeout;
ctoCommPort.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 0;
ctoCommPort.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 0;
ctoCommPort.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant = 0;
SetCommTimeouts(hComm, ref ctoCommPort);
// 设置串口
GetCommState(hComm, ref dcbCommPort);
dcbCommPort.fOutxCtsFlow = 524800;
dcbCommPort.BaudRate = BaudRate;
dcbCommPort.flags = 0;
dcbCommPort.flags |= 1;
if (Parity > 0)
{
dcbCommPort.flags |= 2;
}
dcbCommPort.Parity = Parity;
dcbCommPort.ByteSize = ByteSize;
dcbCommPort.StopBits = StopBits;
dcbCommPort.fOutxCtsFlow = 524800;
if (!SetCommState(hComm, ref dcbCommPort))
{
return;
}
Opened = true;
}
/// <summary>
/// 关闭串口,结束通讯
/// </summary>
public void Close()
{
if (hComm != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
CloseHandle(hComm);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 读取串口返回的数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="NumBytes">数据长度</param>
public byte[] Read(int NumBytes)
{
byte[] BufBytes;
byte[] OutBytes;
BufBytes = new byte[NumBytes];
if (hComm != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
OVERLAPPED ovlCommPort = new OVERLAPPED();
int BytesRead = 0;
ReadFile(hComm, BufBytes, NumBytes, ref BytesRead, ref ovlCommPort);
OutBytes = new byte[BytesRead];
Array.Copy(BufBytes, OutBytes, BytesRead);
return OutBytes;
}
else
{
return new byte [0];
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 清空COM口缓冲区数据
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool ClearPortData()
{
bool result = false;
if (hComm != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
result = PurgeComm(hComm, 0);
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// 向串口写数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="WriteBytes">数据数组</param>
public bool Write(byte[] WriteBytes)
{
bool result;
if (hComm != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
OVERLAPPED ovlCommPort = new OVERLAPPED();
int BytesWritten = 0;
WriteFile(hComm, WriteBytes, WriteBytes.Length, ref BytesWritten, ref ovlCommPort);
result = true;
}
else
{
result = false;
}
return result;
}
}
}
